Ceramic and Glass Materials
1 Alumina 9 5.3 Fatigue The strengths of crystalline and glassy oxides decrease with time under a constant applied load. This st ...
10 R.H. Doremus 5.5 Creep Creep is the high-temperature deformation of a material as a function of time. Other high-temperature ...
1 Alumina 11 5.7 Fracture Toughness The fracture toughness KIC of a brittle material is defined as KIC = YS÷c (7) in which S is ...
12 R.H. Doremus Table 12 Densities of anhydrous and hydrated aluminas Material Density (g cm−2) Sapphire (α-Al2O 3 ) 3.96 γ-Al 2 ...
1 Alumina 13 6.3 Vaporization of Alumina There is a detailed discussion of the vaporization behavior of alumina and other oxides ...
14 R.H. Doremus conductivity decays approximately exponentially because of phonon–phonon interac- tions. At high temperatures (a ...
1 Alumina 15 Table 17 Chemical analysis of sapphire for electrical conductivity measurements, from [34] Element Conc. (ppm) Elem ...
16 R.H. Doremus The electrolysis experiments of Ramirez et al. [40] show that when alumina con- tains some water (OH groups), th ...
1 Alumina 17 × 10−11/ohm cm. Thus with D = 2.29(10)−9 cm^2 s −1, a concentration of 1.13(10)−8 mol cm−3 of carriers results if o ...
18 R.H. Doremus The fastest diffusing substance in alumina is hydrogen (H 2 ). Fast-diffusing cations are sodium, copper, silver ...
1 Alumina 19 9.1 Reactions with Metals The chemical reactions of alumina with other substances can best be explored from the the ...
20 R.H. Doremus At 1,000°C the Gibbs free energy for this reaction is about −2133 kJ mol−1, showing a strong tendency to react. ...
1 Alumina 21 10 Optical Properties 10.1 Refractive Index The optical properties of solids can be studied with the complex refrac ...
22 R.H. Doremus The refractive index of alumina increases slightly with increasing temperature T in the visible and near-visible ...
1 Alumina 23 Table 23 Refractive index, n, and absorption index, k, of the ordinary ray for sapphire in the ultra-violet spectra ...
24 R.H. Doremus The deep blue color or sapphire gems results from the addition of a few hundredths of one percent of iron and ti ...
1 Alumina 25 F.J. Klug, S. Prochazka, and R.H. Doremus, Alumina-silica phase diagram in the mullite region, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. ...
26 R.H. Doremus J.D. Fowler, D. Chandra, T.S. Elleman, A.W. Payne, and K. Verghese, Tritium diffusion in Al2O3 and BeO, J. Am. ...
J.F. Shackelford and R.H. Doremus (eds.), Ceramic and Glass Materials: 27 Structure, Properties and Processing. © Springer 2008 ...
28 D.J. Duval et al. refractory nature are superior to corundum’s in certain high-temperature structural applications. Another c ...
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