Thermodynamics and Chemistry

INDEX 532

Tie line, 200
on a binary phase diagram, 426
on a ternary phase diagram, 442
Torque, 82
Total differential, 134 , 481
of the Gibbs energy of a mixture, 235
of the Gibbs energy of a pure substance,
181
of the internal energy, 135 – 137
of the volume, 228
Triple
line, 95 n, 200
point, 200
cell, 42
of H 2 O, 40

Ultracentrifuge, 276 – 279
Units, 22
Non-SI, 20
SI, 20
SI derived, 20
Univariant system, 199 , 419
Upper consolute temperature, 430
Upper critical solution temperature, 430

van’t Hoff, Jacobus, 382 b
van’t Hoff equation, 369
van’t Hoff’s equation for osmotic pressure,
381
Vapor, 33
Vapor pressure, 203
curve, 204
of a liquid droplet, 400
lowering in a solution, 375 , 380 – 381
saturation, 203
Vaporization, 369
molar enthalpy of, 211
molar heat of, 211
Vaporus curve
for a binary system, 426
for a binary liquid–gas system, 432 ,
434 , 435
at high pressure, 439
Variables
conjugate, 137
dependent, 46
independent, 46
natural, 137 , 140 , 141
number of independent, 47
Variance, 199 , 419
Virial
coefficient, 34

equation

for a gas mixture, 243

for a pure gas, 34

Virtual displacement, 194

Viscoelastic solid, 31

Volume

mean molar, 230

meaurement of, 37

of mixing to form an ideal mixture, 304

molar, 30 , 38

partial molar, 248

in an ideal gas mixture, 241

specific, 29

total differential in an open system, 228

Washburn corrections, 339 , 340 , 363 p

Work, 56 , 57 – 59 , 487 – 495

chemical, 136

coefficient, 59

coordinate, 59 , 119

deformation, 69 – 74

dissipative, 83 , 89 , 91 , 94 , 135

of electric polarization, 95

electrical, 61 , 86 – 91 , 95 , 168 – 170 , 173 ,

213 , 338 , 455

excess, 91

expansion, 71 , 71 – 79 , 95

gravitational, 79 – 81 , 95

of magnetization, 95 , 158

mechanical, 95

nonexpansion, 135 , 145

reversible, 94

reversible expansion, 77

shaft, 81 , 81 – 86 , 95

stirring, 83 , 83 – 84

stretching, 95

surface, 95 , 143 – 144

Working substance, 105 , 113

Zeotropic behavior, 436

Zeroth law of thermodynamics, 40