Multi-Clause Sentences(69) a. People sentenced to life in prison...
b. Anyone walking on the grass...
And compare them with:
(70) a. People who are/were sentenced to life in prison...
b. Anyone who is/was walking on the grass...
Clearly, the relative clauses in (69a/70a) are passives, and in (69a) the rela-
tive pronoun and the form of passive be are omitted. An analogous omission
of who is/was occurs in (69b).
However, the terms past and present are misleading, as they suggest that
participial clauses imply past or present time. The clauses are not in fact
restricted to these interpretations:
(71) People sentenced to life in prison from now on will have to pay
for their keep if the proposed new law goes into effect.
(72) Anyone walking on the grass at that time was subject to a stiff
fine.In (71) the past participial relative actually refers to a future time, from now
on. In (72) the present participial relative refers to a past time, at that time.
In short, the actual time reference of the reduced relatives is governed by
elements other than their verbs.
coordination
Compound sentences
Compound sentences are the result of combining clauses by coordinating
them with one another. They are typically, though not necessarily, conjoined
by the coordinating conjunctions and, or, or but.
(73) a. The king is in his counting house and the queen is in her
parlor.
b. The police must charge you or they must release you.
c. You must remain here but your partner may go.
d. The TV is on; the beers are chilled; the teams are on the field;
we’re ready for action.