Burseraceae, 239
Butchers’ broom, 39
Buttercup family, 309, 312
Butterflies, 184–5, 199, 210, 309–10
Butterwort, 224
Ca2+ATPase, 81
Cabbage, 228–9
Cabbage family, 55, 108–9, 202,
204, 210
Cactus, 43, 122, 212
Caffeine, 239
Calamites, 283
Calcium, 77–8, 81, 134, 164
Callose, 48, 108, 215
Callus, 25, 66, 75, 249
Calmodulin, 81
Calvin cycle, 141–2
Calyptra, 271
CAM,seecrassulacean acid
metabolism
Cambium, 26, 34–5
Camellia sinensis, 239
Campion, 104
Canavalia ensiformis, 211
Cancer, chemotherapy, 237
Cannabis, 234, 239
Canola,seerape, oilseed
Cape region (South Africa), 165,
169
Capsella bursa-pastoris, embryo, 50
Capsicum, 230
Capsid, 218
Capsule, bryophyte, 265, 270–1
Carat, 191,
Caraway, 230
Carbohydrate metabolism, 149–51
Carbon cycle, 180–1
Carbon-fixation reaction, 140
Cardamom, 230
Cardiac glycoside/cardenolide,
236
Carex, 202
Carnivorous plant, 223–5
Carob tree, 191
Carotenoid, 43, 53, 136
Carpel, 42, 52, 103, 107
Carrot family, seeumbellifer
Casparian strip, 28
Cassava, 211, 228–9
Castor-oil, 50
Casuarina, 204
Catharanthus roseus, 159
Catkin, 309
Cauliflower, 228–9
Caytoniales, 274, 293–4, 307
Ceanothus, 206
Ceiba pentandra, 235
Cell,
culture, 247–51
cycle, division, 18–21, 69, 75
lineage, 65
structure, 3–5
to cell communication, 66
Cell wall, 2–4, 6–8, 71, 79
Cellulose, 2, 6–7, 157, 210, 232
Century plant, 175
Cephalotaceae, 223
Ceranium, 262
Cerastium glomeratum, 105
Ceratonia, 191
Chara, 263
Chelation, 98, 242–3
Chemotropism, 87
Chenopodiaceae, 202, 204
Cherry, 53
Chiasma, 21
Chimera, 241
Chloranthaceae, 307–8, 312
Chlorenchyma, 25
Chlorophyll, 2, 135–7
Chlorophyta,seealgae, green
Chloroplast, 4, 9, 38, 135–43
development, 83, 86
Chlorosis, 134
Chromatid, 21
Chromatin, 15–6
Chromoplast, 9, 53
Chromosome, 3, 17
mapping, 60
sex, 106
Chrysanthemum, 211
Chrysolinabeetle, 212
Cinnamon, 230
Circadian rhythm, 86, 92
Citrate synthase, 151
Citric acid cycle, 150, 151 , 155
Citrus fruit, 53, 54, 230
Classification of plants, 1, 258, 312
Claviceps purpurea, 216
Clematis, 173
Climacteric, 71, 80
Climate change, 181
Climax plant community, 168
Climber, 172–3
Clonal propagation, 250
spread, 105, 175–6, 179, 200
Cloning, 240
map-based, 60
Clove, 230
Clover, 207, 210
Clubmoss,seeLycopsida
Coca, 239, 259
Cocoa, 230
Coconut, 49, 50, 73, 184, 239
Cocoyam, 229
Codeine, 237
Codon, 16
Co-enzyme A (CoA), 150
Coffee (Coffea), 159, 239
Cohesion-tension, 117–8
Coleoptile, 51, 78, 88
Coleus, 92
Collenchyma, 25, 234
Colonization, 189
Commiphora, 239
Community classification, 170
Companion cell, 26
Compartmentation, 98
Competition, 195Composite (Asteraceae, daisy
family), 105, 108–9, 184, 310–2,
310, 313
fruit, 53–4
pollen, 47
seeds, 188, 191
Cone, of conifer, 298–300
of other gymnosperms, 302–5
Conifer, 1, 52, 258, 274, 292, 294–5,
296–300
seeds of, 191–2
Coniferous forest, 163–4, 172, 205,
234, 296
Conocephalum,265–6
Control, biological, 212
Cooksonia, 273–5
Coppice, 234
Coral reef, 262
Corchorus, 234
Cordaitales, 274, 294–5
Cork, 35, 233
Corm, 279
Corn, see maize
Corpus, 33, 101
Cortex, 27, 31
Cortical microtubules, 7
Coscinodiscus, 261
Cotton, 188, 211, 234–5
Cotyledon, 50, 51, 194, 300
Cowpea, 221
Cowslip, 109
Crassulaceae, 147
Crassulacean acid metabolism
(CAM), 145–7
Creosote bush, 175
Crista, 10
Cross breeding, 246
Crossbill, 300
Crown gall disease, 252
Cucumber family, 47, 53
Cultivar, 240
Cupule, of Caytoniales, 294
Cuscuta, 221
Cuticle, 38, 122, 214
Cutin, 122
Cuttings, 240
Cyanobacteria, 1, 206–7, 266, 268,
289, 302
Cyanogenesis, 210–1
Cycad (Cycadales), 171–2, 258, 274,
293, 295, 301–3
Cyclic electon flow, 140
photophosphorylation, 140
Cyclin and cyclin dependent
protein kinase, 19
Cyperus papyrus, 233
Cypress, 299
swamp, 298
Cytokinesis, 18
Cytokinin, 73–4, 80
andAgrobacterium tumifaciens,
252
and cell division, 20
Cytoplasm and cytosol, 2, 3
Cytoskeleton, 3, 6326 Index