Micropyle, 44, 299–300
Microsporangium, microspore,
280–1, 289, 291, 298
Microtubules, 3
Middle lamella, 6, 8
Midrib, 37
Milkweed family, 210
Millet, 221, 229
Mimosa pudica, 93
Mint, 159, 230
Mistletoe, 173, 220
Mitochondrion (-a), 4, 10, 143
Mitosis, 18–21
Mnium, 265
Model organisms, 55
MoFe protein, 208
Molecular techniques, 58–60
Monarch butterfly, 210
Monkey puzzle, 294, 297
Monocarpic, 175
Monocotyledon, 50, 258, 312
Monoculture, 169, 231
Monoecious (-y), 42, 103, 104, 106,
107
Monosaccharide, 157
Monotropa, Monotropaceae, 221– 2
Monstera, 312
Moonwort, 286
Morphine, 237
Moss,seebryophyte
Moth, cactus, 212
Moths, as herbivores, 210
as pollinators, 184, 199, 309–10
Motor cell, 92
Mountain lilac, seeCeanothus, 206
Mountains, tropical, 162, 173
Mouse-ear, 105
Mucilage, 29
Musa textilis, 234
Mutagenesis, 56, 58, 60, 246
Mycelium, 213
Mycoplasma, 217
Mycorrhiza, 188, 201–5, 221, 234,
280, 297, 313
and phosphate uptake, 32, 129,
134
Myosotis, 47
Myrica gale, 206–7
Myrrh, 239
NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-
phosphate dehydrogenase,
141
NADP-reductase,139
Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 70
1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid
(NPA), 70
Nastic responses, 91
Natural selection, 199–200, 315
Necrosis, 134, 215
Nectar, 44, 184
Needles, 38–9, 298
Neighborhood, genetic, 198
Nepenthaceae, 223
Nereocystis, 262
Nettle, 212, 234
Niche, ecological, 169
Nicotiana tabacum,seetobacco
Nifgenes, 208
Nightshade, 43
deadly, 159
Nitrate, 194
Nitrate reductase, 133
Nitrogen, 133 , 163, 203–4
fixation, 133, 204, 206–8, 228
oxides, 98–9
Nod factor, nodgenes, 207
Nodulation, 206–7
Nucellus, 44, 49, 291–2
Nucleolus, 2, 4, 16
Nucleoplasm, nucleosome 15–6
Nucleus, 4, 12, 15
envelope/pore, 4 , 12, 15
Nutmeg, 230
Nutrient, 131–4
deficiency, 134
transport, uptake, 124–126,
128–130
Nyctinasty, 91, 92
Nylon, 235Oak, 309
cork, 233
european, 210, 233
Oat, 228
Octant stage, 65
Oil, essential, 237
in flowers, 45, 313
storage, 156–7
Oligosaccharide, 75
Olive, 228, 240
Onion, 51
Oospore, 218
Ophioglossum, 286, 316
Opiate, 236
Orchid, 44–5, 49, 173, 184, 188, 240,
310–12, 313 , 316
bee, 311
birdsnest, 221
coralroot, 221
mycorrhiza of, 202, 204, 221
Organ, 24
Organ culture, 248
Organochlorines, 231
Orobanche,seebroomrape
Oryza, see rice
Ovary, 42, 44 , 52, 54, 292
Ovule, 21, 42, 44, 47, 185, 293, 300,
302–5
Oxidative phosphorylation, 151
Ozone, 98–9Paint, 239
Palm, 34, 171, 231, 311
date, 234
oil, 239
royal, 175
Papaver somniferum, 159
Paper, 233, 297
Papyrus, 233Parasitic plants, 173, 188, 219–21
Parenchyma, 25, 33
Parsley, 230
Passion-flower, 210
Patch clamping, 126
Pathogens, 97 , 186, 194–5, 202, 204,
213
Pea, 207, 229
Pear, 53, 230
Peat, 163, 166, 267–8
Pectin, 6, 110
Pepper, black, 230
Perianth, 308
Peribacteroid membrane, 208
Peristome, 272
Periwinkle, rosy, 159
Peroxisome, 4, 143
Pesticide, 231
Petal, 42–3, 52, 309
Petiole, 37
Phaeophyta,seealgae, brown
Phegopteris, 287
Phenolics, 97, 159, 211, 298
Phenoxyacetic acid, 69
Phloem, 297, 304
secondary, 35
structure, 25, 33
transport, 151–3
Phlox pilosa, seed dispersal, 190
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
(PEPCASE), 145
3-phosphoglycerate/kinase, 141–2
Phospholipase C, 82
Phosphorescence, 260
Phosphorus, 203–4
Photomorphogenesis, 83
Photoperiodism, 84
Photophosphorylation, non-cyclic,
140
Photoreceptor, 88
Photorespiration, 142–3
Photosynthesis, 135–47, 204
atmospheric CO 2 , 182
C3, 138–43
C4, 39, 145–6
light reactions, 138
pigments, 135–6
Photosystems I and II, 136
Phototropism, 84, 87, 88
Phragmites, 179, 244
Phragmosome, 18
Phyllotaxy, 33
Physcomitrella patens, 55
Phytoalexin, 215
Phytochrome, 84–6, 102, 193
Phytoecdysone, 210–1
Phytogeography, 164, 165
Phytohormone, see hormone
Phytomere, 64
Phytophthora infestans, 218, 229
Phytoplasma, 217
Phytoremediation, 242
Pigment, 42–3, 134–7
Pillwort, 288
Pilularia, 288Index 329