Pine, 177, 211, 233, 297, 298
bristlecone, 175, 297
huon, 175, 297
Pineapple, 52, 230, 234
Pinguicula, 224
Pink, 309
Pinopsida,seeconifer
Pinus, seepine
Pinus aristata, 175
Pinus sylvestris, 177
Pioneer plants, 168, 170, 172, 191,
194
Pistillata, 102
Pisum, 207
Pitcher plant, 223–4
Pith, 31
Plane, 309
Plankton, 2, 162
Plant breeding, 245–6
Plant genetic engineering, 252–6
Plant growth substance (PGS), see
hormone
Plants as symbols, 239–40
Plasma membrane, 3, 4, 14
proton pump, 78–9, 92, 123
Plasmid, Ti- in Agrobacterium,
252–3
Plasmodesmata, 5, 8 , 66, 129
Plasmolysis, 116
Plastid, 9, 10, 149
Plastocyanin, 139
Plastoquinone, 139
Plenamutant, 102
Plum blossom in China, 240
Plumule, 111
Poaceae,seegrass family
Podocarpaceae, 297–8
Pollen, 42, 46–8,107–9, 184–5, 259,
291
of gymnosperms, 299–305
Pollen tube, 44, 46, 107–8, 110, 185
Pollination, 43, 45, 48, 104, 183–6,
199, 308, 313, 316
barriers, 246
of gymnosperms, 300, 303, 305
Pollinia, 44, 184, 313
Pollutant, Pollution, 97–9, 268
Polyamine, 75
Polycarpic, 175
Polygalacturonase, 80
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
198
Polymorphism, 197–9
Polyploidy, 16, 17, 105–6, 186, 199,
315–6
Polypodiopsida (see fern)
Polypody fern (Polypodium), 211
Polysaccharide, 157
Polytrichum,266–8
Poplar (in bioremediation), 243
Poppy, 159, 239
Population dynamics, 176–9
Porphyra, 261
Post harvest quality (genetic
engineering of), 256
Potassium, 93, 134
Potato, 228–9, 231
Prayer plant, 92
Pressure flow model, 151
Primary pump, 124–6
Primates, as herbivores, 212
Primordium, 31
Primula veris, 109
Procambium, 24
Progymnospermopida, 258, 292,
295
Prokaryotes, 1, see alsobacteria
Propagation, 247
Propagule (synthetic seed), 250
Protandry (-ous), 105
Protein kinase/C, 77, 82
Prothallus, 280, 289, 299
Protists (Protista, Protoctista), 1, 2,
see alsoalgae
Protoderm, 24
Protogyny (-ous), 105
Proton ATPase, see plasma
membrane proton pump
Protonema, 266
Protoplast, 248
Psilophyton, 276
Psilotum,286, 287
Pteridium aquilinum, 179, 290
Pteridosperms,
Pteridospermopsida, 258, 274,
292,293,295, 301
Puccinia graminis, 213
Pulse, 228
Pulvinus, 92, 93
Putrescine, 75
Pyrethroid, 210–1
Pyruvate, 150, 155Quercus robur, 210, 233
Quercus suber, 233
Quiescent center, 70
Quillwort,seeLycopsida
Quinine, 237Rachis, 37
Radicle, 111
Rafflesia, 220
Rainfall, in plant distribution, 162
Rainforest, tropical, 162–3, 169,
172–3, 193–4, 212
Ramet, 176
Random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD), 198
Rape, oil-seed (Canola), 50, 228–9
Ray cell, 26
Reaction center , 136 , 137
Receptacle, 42, 52
Receptors, 14, 76
Recombinant DNA technology,
252
Redwood, coast, 298
Reed, 179
Reporter gene construct, 61, 89
Reproduction, asexual, 315, see also
agamospermy, clonal spreadResin, 45, 212, 232, 238, 239, 297–8
Resonance energy transfer, 136,
137
Respiration, 149–50
Response element, 78
Restriction enzyme, 198, 253
Reverse transcriptase, 60
RFLP, 98
Rhizobium,206–7
Rhizodermis, 25
Rhizofiltration, 243
Rhizoid, 201, 265–6, 273
Rhizome, 171, 273, 275, 279, 281
Rhizophore, 279
Rhizosphere, 29
Rhodophyta,seeAlgae, red
Rhynia, 275
Rhyniopsida, 258, 273–5
Ribonuclease (RNase), 110
Ribosome, 12, 16
Ribulose 5–phosphate kinase, 142
Ribulose bisphosphate/
carboxylase/oxygenase, 141
Riccia, 271
Rice, 55, 221, 228, 231, 245
RNA, 16, 110
Rodents, as seed dispersers, 189
Root, 27–30
hair, 29–30, 118, 203
formation, 70
stock, 240
Rose family (Rosaceae), 105
Rose oil, 240
Rosette plant, 72
Roystonea, 175
Rubber, 159, 211, 238
Rubiaceae, 210
Rubus, 105
Rust fungus, 213
Rye, 216, 231
Rye-grass, 178S alleles, 108–9
S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), 72
Sage, 230
Salicylic acid, 97, 215
Saline soils, 164
Salinity, 98–100
Salix, 106, 172, 188, 204
Salt gland, 99
Salvinia, 288, 289
Samara, 188,
Sand dune, 175
Sandalwood, 220
Saponin, 214
Saprophytic plants, 204, 221–2
Sarcandra, 308
Sargassum, 262–3
Sarraceniaceae, 223–4
SAUR, 80, 89
Savannah, 163, 164, 172, 211–2
Saxifraga cernua, saxifrage, 106
Scales, 39
Scent, of flowers, 45, 313
Scion, 240330 Index