Music Listening, Music Therapy, Phenomenology and Neuroscience

Appendix 3.01 Survey of The Neurosciences and Music I

• Conference 2002

Part I. Cerebral Organization of Music

-Related Functions

Title, Category

Aim

Mus. M

aterial, Cultural Ref. Technology & Procedure

Main focus of interest

Conclusion

*1. Koelsch & Friederici (15

-28)

Processing of Musical Syntax

Cat

. 2: Harmony
Cat. 13: Expectation
*2. Tervaniemi & Huotilainen (29

-39)

Change

-Related Brain

Potentials

Cat. 1: Pitch

Cat. 3: Complex sounds

*3. Griffiths

(40

-49)

Functional Imaging of Pitch Analysis

Cat. 1: Melody

Brain responses to

In-key chords compared to sequences with Neapolitan chords (”syntactic violation”)

Cortical representations of musical sound and phonetic sound

Brain basis for the a

nalysis of

pitch and pitch patterns

Five

-chord sequences

.

Sound source not indicated (SNI)

CR: Western

1)

Single tones:

Synthesi

zed

piano tones and pure tones

2)

Single

Chords

3) Phonetic sounds

CR:

Western

Review of diferent studies which apply

1) Single pure tones

2) Tonal melody 3) Harmonic stimuli

4) Random pitch pattern

s^

5) Iterated rippled noise

,

which evokes a peception of pitch

CR:

Western

EEG and MEG while listening

Support: fMRI

EEG and MEG while listening

Support: PET

PET and fMRI while listening

Includes introduction to functional imaging by means of PET and fMRI

Brain signatures of musical syntax: Event

-related electric

brain potentials (

ERP

): Early

Right Anterior Negativity (ERAN).

Distinct negativity or

positivity after 200, 500, 300 milliseconds

(N2, N5, P3)

Sound representation indexed by

Event

-Related Potential

(ERP

): Mismatch negativity

(MMN), P3, Late D

isc

ri-

minative Negativity (

LDN

)

Pitch processing in the brain. Includes review

Early right anterior

negativity

(ERAN) reflects the

violation

of a musical sound expectancy

Complex sounds are automatically encoded

in

the

audi

tory cortex:

Fundamental difference be

tw

een

musical sounds

versus pure tones and speech sounds Sound features relevant to pitc

h are represented in brain

stem and cortex.

Pitch

patterns are

processed in

larger networks

Pure tones

= Sinus tones