calm state, conducive to learning 77
Cameron, L. xiv, 133, 201, 230
Campbell, P. 177
Canagarajah, A. xiv, 166
Canale, M. 124
Candlin, C. 150
cell phone-based applications 213
chain drills 37, 47, 123
Chamot, A. 182n, 186
chatting, electronic 212
child language acquisition, as model for language learning 43, 44, 52, 103
choice:
of teaching method 226–33
of what and how to say it (students) 123, 127, 128
of what skills to practice 93Chomsky, N. 51, 220
Christison, M. 191n, 192
chunks, learning, preferred to word by word 107, 110
Clarke, M. xi, 221, 224, 230
Classical Method 13, see also Grammar-Translation method
classroom set-up 72, 75, 81
cloze passage exercises, see fill-in-the-blanks exercises
co-communicator, teacher as 122, 123
cognates 15, 21
Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach (CALLA) 182n
Cognitive Code Approach 51
cognitive learning strategies, defined 186
Cohen, J. 159n
cohesion and coherence 124–5, 126
collaboration, see also student–student interaction
Collaborative Learning 186–90, 220
Participatory Approach 176
Vygotskian principles 142