peripheral learning 75, 79, 81
Phillipson, R. 170
pictures, see also realia, pictures and objects, use of
Audio-Lingual method 43
Communicative Language Teaching 117
different inferences from using 3–4
Direct Method 25–8
The Learnables 104
Participatory Approach 172
picture strip stories 118, 127
Pitzl, M-L. 166
pluralism (of method choice) 229
plurilingualism 5, 169, 221
podcasts 213
politics of language 165–70, 178, 221
‘positive interdependence’ 189
positive reinforcement/praise:
Audio-Lingual method 43
cooperative learning 187
not used in Silent Way 60, 64
posters and wallcharts:
Desuggestopedia 72
sound–color charts 52–8, 62, 65
PowerPoint presentations 212
Prabhu, N.S. ix, xi, xii, 4, 151, 157, 158, 159, 227, 228, 229, 230
predictions, exercises involving 116–19, 184
principled eclecticism 229
prior knowledge, using as starting point:
Community Language Learning 92
Content-based Instruction 138
in learning strategy training 185
Silent Way 58, 59, 61
problem posing 171, 174, 175–6, 177