in conjunction with technology 207, 210
Content-based Instruction 140
Desuggestopedia 72, 80
Direct Method 5, 25, 29
Grammar-Translation method 5, 14, 20
Silent Way 57, 59, 64
Total Physical Response method 105, 110native speakers as teachers 169
Natural Approach 103, 220
‘natural order’ of language acquisition 45, see also child language acquisition
negotiation of meaning 121, 127, 207
newspaper articles, see realia, pictures and objects, use of
non-native speakers as teachers 169
nonverbal behavior, starting with 107, 109, see also gestures/actions/demonstrations
(teachers’)
Norton, B. 178, 221
novelty 77, 93, 106, 108
Nunan, D. x, 132, 230
O’Malley, M. 182n, 186
opinion-gap tasks 158–9
orchestra leader, teacher as 43, 44
Ortega, L. 221
output-promoting tasks 160
‘overlearning’ 43, 44
Palmer, P. 228
Paradowski, M. 5
paragraph writing exercises 33
Participatory Approach 170–80, 221
pattern practice 43, see also drills
peer correction (students helping each other) 59, 60, 63, 66
Pennycook, A. xii, xiv