PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

CHAP. 7: PHASE EQUILIBRIA [CONTENTS] 221 Obr.7.14:Dependence of the freezing temperature (the upper curves) and the melting temp ...

CHAP. 7: PHASE EQUILIBRIA [CONTENTS] 222 (s 2 )+(s 3 ) (s 2 )+(l) (l) E 1 E 2 Tt′ Tf2 T 0 x 1 x′ 1 1 0 x′ 1 x 1 1 Tf1 T Tf2 Tf1 ...

CHAP. 7: PHASE EQUILIBRIA [CONTENTS] 223 7.10 Gas-solid equilibrium in mixtures This section deals with the relations between te ...

CHAP. 7: PHASE EQUILIBRIA [CONTENTS] 224 a) b) (g) (s 2 ) + (g) (g) + (s^1 ) E E (s 2 ) + (s 1 ) (g) (s 2 ) + (s 1 ) (s 2 ) + (g ...

CHAP. 7: PHASE EQUILIBRIA [CONTENTS] 225 7.11 Osmotic equilibrium Let us have a solution (this phase will be denoted′) separated ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 226 Chapter 8 Chemical equilibrium This chapter deals with systems in which chemical re ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 227 Equilibrium composition is the composition of a system which is in the state of ch ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 228 8.2 Systems with one chemical reaction 8.2.1 General record of a chemical reaction ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 229 Solution Subtracting the left side yields 0 =SO 3 (g)−SO 2 (g)− 1 2 O 2 (g). If we ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 230 Note:The degree of conversion is an intensive quantity. U Main unit:dimensionless q ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 231 Example The reaction 0 =SO 3 (g)−SO 2 (g)− 1 2 O 2 (g). is again under way in a clo ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 232 8.2.3 Gibbs energy of a system. The Gibbs energy of a k-component system is given b ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 233 equilibrium equilibrium Obr.8.1:Dependence of the Gibbs energy of a closed system o ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 234 Note:For the negative values of ∆rG, the system composition shifts toward the produ ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 235 Obr.8.2:Dependence of ∆rGon the activity of carbon oxide or ∑k i=1 νiμi= 0 [eq]. (8 ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 236 Note:If minimum is not reached inside the concentration interval, i.e. if the Gibbs ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 237 S Symbols: For this standard state, the superscriptstis replaced with the superscri ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 238 Note:Since further on in this chapter we will deal solely with states at equilibriu ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 239 Note:In an ideal solution, the result for the standard state denoted•is the same as ...

CHAP. 8: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM [CONTENTS] 240 Solution K•= γE γPγA xE xPxA = γE γPγA nE nPnA (nE+nP+nA), K[c]= γ [c] E γP[c]γ[Ac] ...