PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY IN BRIEF

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 81 3.3.3 Total differential of the product and ratio of two functions Similar ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 82 It is often necessary to integrate dzwith one fixed independent variable. ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 83 3.4 Combined formulations of the first and second laws of thermodynamics I ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 84 By comparing (3.33) and (3.37) we obtain ( ∂U ∂S ) V =T , ( ∂U ∂V ) S =−p. ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 85 3.4.4 Total differential of entropy as a function ofT,V andT,p The total d ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 86 In the same way,H=f(S, p) may be converted toH=f(T, p). By combining equat ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 87 Proof For an ideal gas we have T ( ∂p ∂T ) V −p=T nR V −p= 0. It follows f ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 88 and that it has its maximum in the state of thermodynamic equilibrium dS= ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 89 Solution From the conditiondF= 0 at[T, V]we obtain by integration ∆F= 0, [ ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 90 3.5 Changes of thermodynamic quantities. Only two of the three state varia ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 91 3.5.1.2 Cpdependence on pressure Cp(T, p 2 ) =Cp(T, p 1 )− ∫p 2 p 1 T ( ∂^ ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 92 Example Derive the relation for the calculation of theCpm(T, p)pressure de ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 93 The volumeV 1 is often chosen as large as would allow for a system in its ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 94 Example Derive the relation for the dependence of the internal energy of a ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 95 For an isothermal process, equation (3.74) becomes H(T, p) =H(T, p 1 ) + ∫ ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 96 Solution We use equation (3.75) which at constant temperature simplifies t ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 97 VolumeV 1 is often chosen as large as to allow for a system in its initial ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 98 3.5.4.3 Ideal gas. For an ideal gas equation (3.79) simplifies to S(T, V) ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 99 Solution We use equation (3.80) and rewrite it to the relation between mol ...

CHAP. 3: FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMODYNAMICS [CONTENTS] 100 whereS(T 1 , pst) is the entropy of a substance at a sufficiently low tem ...