Sports Medicine: Just the Facts
238 SECTION 3 • MEDICAL PROBLEMS IN THE ATHLETE Hackett PH, Roach RC: High-altitude medicine, in Auerbach PS (ed.): Wilderness M ...
40 HEAD INJURIES Robert C Cantu, MD, FACS, FACSM If we define a direct fatality as one occurring directly from participation in ...
The risk of sustaining a concussion in football is four (Gerberuch et al, 1983) to six (Zemper, 1994) times greater for the pla ...
CHAPTER 40 • HEAD INJURIES 241 be deferred until all symptoms have abated and the diagnostic studies are normal. INTRACRANIAL HE ...
The patient is usually deeply comatose with a low Glasgow coma scale, a negative head CT, and immediate neurologic triage for t ...
CHAPTER 41 • CERVICAL SPINE 243 Erlanger D, Cantu R, Barth J, et al: Loss of consciousness, anterograde memory dysfunction, and ...
In football, those most at risk play defensive posi- tions, i.e., defensive backs, linemen, and linebackers (Cantu and Mueller, ...
CHAPTER 41 • CERVICAL SPINE 245 Medical causes of neck pain, such as cardiovascular (MI), endocrine (thyroid), pulmonary (pneum ...
value for determining future injury. It is not, therefore, a recommended screening tool. •A diagnosis of “spear tackler’s spine” ...
CHAPTER 41 • CERVICAL SPINE 247 PREVENTION Reductions in the numbers of cervical spine injuries in sport can be made by the fol ...
Morganti C, Sweeney CA, Albanese SA, et al: Return to play after cervical spine injury. Spine26(10):1131–1136, 2001. Penning L: ...
CHAPTER 42 • THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 249 There are five lumbar vertebral bodies. Being the largest vertebrae in the spine, th ...
INTERVERTEBRALFORAMEN The foramen lies between the pedicles of adjacent vertebra. The AP diameter is larger superiorly. •Nerve ...
CHAPTER 42 • THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 251 Gymnasts, in particular, demonstrate disc degenera- tive changes and other abnormali ...
Synergistic activity of the right external oblique and the left internal oblique, along with the transver- sospinalis is demons ...
CHAPTER 42 • THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 253 There is generally no typical presentation on history or physical examination. Herni ...
It is believed to be a result of a herniation of a disk through the endplate into the vertebral body (Sinaki and Mokri, 2000). ...
CHAPTER 42 • THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 255 There is ossification of the anterior and lateral spinal ligaments without disk narr ...
Symptoms are more often noted in younger patients and include localized back pain. An acute onset of pain and tight hamstrings ...
CHAPTER 43 • MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND UPPER EXTREMITY 257 pain in collegiate athletes: a prospec ...
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