INDEX 617Carbohydrate loading, 87–88, 542
Carbohydrates, recommended
dietary intake, 85
Carbon dioxide production
(VCO 2 ), 39
Cardiac arrest, 13, 24–25, 70–71.
See alsoSudden cardiac
death
Cardiac output, 77
Cardiovascular disease, 121t, 143 t,
147 t. See alsoCoronary artery
disease
Cardiovascular system
endurance training and, 79–80
exercise effects on, 78, 141
physiology, 76–78
Carpal instability, 300
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 302, 327
in cyclists, 484
in disabled athletes, 589
imaging, 261
injections for, 431
Carrying angle, 611
Catastrophic injuries, 24–30
Catecholamines, 185–186, 185t
Cauliflower ear. SeeAuricular
hematoma
Central sacral line, 610
Cerebral concussion. See
Concussion
Cerebral palsy, 98–99
Cervical spine, 244
Cervical spine injuries
background, 243
biomechanics, 244
clinical features, 244–245
diagnostic studies, 245–246,
609–610
epidemiology, 243–244
field-side management, 245
in football players, 25–26,
243–244, 492–493
in ice hockey players, 510
imaging, 245–246, 609–610
prevention, 247
rehabilitation, 246
return to play guidelines,
246–247, 247t
in rugby players, 518
treatment, 246
Chamberlain’s line, 609
Chance fracture, 32
Chauffeur’s fracture, 32
Cheerleading, 27–28
Chilblain, 152
Children
fractures in, 559–60
overuse injuries in, 560–562
safety considerations, 564
strength training in, 564–565
Cholinergic urticaria, 152
Chondral injuries, 47. See also
Articular cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate, 424, 457–458
Chondromalacia, 47, 358
Chondrosarcoma, 598
Chopart’s fracture, 32
Chromium picolinate, 456
Chronic fatigue. SeeOvertraining
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), 99–100,
217–218
Clavicle, 503, 510
Clay-shoveler’s fracture, 32
Clenbuterol, 422
Clivus-odontoid line, 609
Coagulopathy, 194
Cobb angle, 610
Coenzyme Q10, 422
Cold injuries, 152–153, 564
Cold therapy, 409
Colles fracture, 32
Collision sports, 247t
Colon cancer, 600
Common peroneal nerve, 399–400
Commotio cordis, 510
Compact bone, 62
Compartment syndrome(s), 130–131
diagnosis, 131–134
exertional, 373–375, 478,
523–524
field-side management, 17–18
leg, 131, 373–375, 378, 378t
Complementary and alternative
medicine (CAM), 410–411,
453–458, 454t
Computed tomography (CT)
of ankle, 368
of spine, 250–251
strengths and weaknesses,
107–108
uses, 108
Concussion. See alsoHead injuries
in basketball players, 465
field-side management, 14
in football players, 494–495
grading systems, 240t
in ice hockey players, 509in lacrosse players, 552
management, 199–201, 200–201t
rates by sport, 240t
return to play after, 200t, 242 t
signs and symptoms, 200t,
240–241
in soccer players, 26
Conduction disturbances, 123
Confidentiality, 6–7
Congruence angle, 613
Conjunctival injuries, 163–164
Conjunctivitis, 222, 222t,533–534
Contact dermatitis, 155–156
Contraction(s), muscular, 35–36, 40
Contrast baths, 406
Contusion(s)
abdominal wall, 503
hip and pelvis, 339–340
pathophysiology, 57
thigh, 340, 492
treatment, 58
COPD. SeeChronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD)
Coracoclavicular distance, 611
Core strengthening, 412–414
Corneal injuries, 15, 163–164
Corns, 151
Coronary artery anomalies, 70–71
Coronary artery disease. See also
Cardiovascular disease
in athletes, 147, 147t
exercise and, 94, 96
exercise stress testing in,
120–121, 124, 143
risk factors, 120t
screening for, 71
signs and symptoms, 121t
stratification categories, 147t
Coronoid fractures, 296
Cortical bone, 62
Corticosteroid injections
contraindications, 428
pain relief from, 430t
principles, 428–430, 429t
risks and complications, 427, 427t
in specific injuries, 430–433
Corticosteroids
in asthma, 212–213, 216
mechanism of action, 417
potency and solubility, 429t
side effects, 417–418
for tendinopathy, 60
topical nasal, 222, 222t
uses, 417