(Continued)Post-colonialPost-instrumentalHumanisticInternal policiesDiscriminatoryNon-discriminatoryStakeholder interestsEmployee policies aimed atAccess to equal opportunitiesAccess to equal opportunitiesduties rather than rightsand clear employee policies onresponsibilities and rightsOrganizationalEmployee alienation commonEmphasis on employeeMotivation through participationclimate and employeeWeak trade unionsmotivationimportantcommitmentInter-ethnic frictionWeak or co-operative unionsUnions protect rightsDiscourages diversity of opinionsMove towards inter-ethnicInter-ethnic harmony taken intoPromotion by ascriptionharmonyconsiderationDiverse opinions oftenEveryone should be able to stateencouragedtheir opinionsPromotion basedPromotion based onon achievementlegitimization of statusManagementEducated management elite withHigh, results oriented managerialManagement expertise based onexpertiselow managerial expertiseexpertise is aimed forpeople orientationManagementEconomic securityManaging uncertaintyBelongingmotivatorsControlSelf-enhancementDevelopment of person and groupAutonomyIndependenceAchievementManagementTo business objectivesTo selfTo groupcommitmentTo relativesTo resultsTo peopleTo organizationTo ethical principlesTo work(Continued)TABLE 9.1