3 What are the six steps in a methodologically rigorous study of CCT effectiveness?
4 Under what circumstances would e-CCT be preferable to instructor-based CCT?
Under what circumstances might you recommend instructor-based CCT instead
of e-CCT?
10 FURTHER READING
- Fowler, S.M., and Mumford, M.G. (1999).Intercultural Sourcebook: Cross-Cultural
Training Methods, volume 2. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This book includes articles by 23 leading cross-cultural trainers and covers divergent training
methods for cross-cultural skill development and intercultural learning. These include self-
awareness inventories, videotapes, small group exercises, and area studies. - Harrison, J.K. (1994). ‘Developing successful expatriate managers: A framework for
the structural design and strategic alignment of cross-cultural training programs.’
Human Resource Planning,17: 17–35.
This article suggests that MNCs can maximize returns from their human resources by imple-
menting CCT programs in accordance with their corporate strategies, and describes in detail
how CCT programs should be aligned with corporate strategies. - Kohls, L.R., and Knight, J.M. (1994).Developing Intercultural Awareness: A Cross-
Cultural Training Handbook. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.
This book provides information on simulation games, case studies, icebreakers, and other CCT
activities. In addition, this book provides preplanned programs and demonstrates how to lead
a workshop designed to develop intercultural awareness in a culturally naive audience. - Landis, D., and Bhagat, R. S. (eds) (1996).Handbook of Intercultural Training,2nd edn.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
This book discusses theoretical and methodological issues inherent in understanding intercul-
tural interactions and training and the contexts in which training takes place.
REFERENCES
Adler, N.J. (1983) ‘Cross-cultural management research: the ostrich and the trend’.Academy
of Management Review, 8: 226–232.
Au, Kevin Y., and Fukuda, J. (2002) ‘Boundary spanning behaviors of expatriates’.Journal of
World Business, 37: 285–296.
302 International Human Resource Management