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GTBL042-Index GTBL042-Callister-v3 October 17, 2007 1:38
Index • 869Hydrogen bonding, 28, 31, 32, 845
water expansion upon freezing, 33
Hydrogen chloride, 32, 36
Hydrogen electrode, 665–666
Hydrogen embrittlement, 687–688,
845
Hydrogen fluoride, 32, 36
Hydrogen induced cracking, 687
Hydrogen stress cracking, 687
Hydroplastic forming, 596, 845
Hydroplasticity, 594
Hydrostatic powder pressing, 600
Hypereutectoid alloys, 388–390,
845
Hypoeutectoid alloys, 386–388,
845
Hysteresis, 738
Hysteresis, ferromagnetic, 845
soft and hard magnetic materials,
741–742, 744–745I
Ice, 33, 344, 398
Impact energy, 310, 845
fine pearlite, 431
temperature dependence:
high-strength materials, 313
low-strength FCC and HCP
metals, 313
low-strength steels, 312, 313
Impact fracture testing, 310–314
Impact strength, polymers, 314
Imperfections.SeeDefects;
Dislocations
Impurities:
in ceramics, 135
diffusion, 163
electrical resistivity, 470–471
in metals, 133–135
thermal conductivity, 714
Incongruent phase transformation,
372
Index of refraction, 765–766,
845
selected materials, 767
Indices, Miller, 71–73, 847
Indium antimonide, electrical
characteristics, 474
Induced dipoles, 31–32
Inert gases, 21, 23
Inhibitors, 689, 845
Initial permeability, 737
Injection molding, 608–609
Insulators (electrical), 845 .See also
Dielectric materialsceramics and polymers as, 496,
507
color, 772
defined, 463
electron band structure, 465,
466–467
translucency and opacity, 774–775
Integrated circuits, 494–495, 845
scanning electron micrograph,
460, 495
Interatomic bonding, 27–31
Interatomic separation, 25
Interconnects, integrated circuits,
178
Interdiffusion, 163, 845
Interfacial defects, 144–147
Interfacial energies, 147
for heterogeneous nucleation,
409
Intergranular corrosion, 684, 845
Intergranular fracture, 293, 296,
845
Intermediate solid solutions, 369,
373, 845
Intermetallic compounds, 369, 444,
845
Interplanar spacing, cubic crystals,
85
Interstitial diffusion, 164, 845
Interstitial impurity defects, 134
Interstitials:
in ceramics, 135
in polymers, 136
self-, 129, 850
Interstitial solid solutions, 134, 845
Intrinsic carrier concentration, 475
temperature dependence for Si
and Ge, 481
Intrinsic conductivity, 475
Intrinsic semiconductors, 474–477,
845
Invar, Material of Importance, 712
thermal properties, 709
Invariant point, 345, 357, 845
Inverse lever rule, 348.See also
Lever rule
Inverse spinel structure, 732
Ion cores, 30
Ionic bonding, 27–28, 845
in ceramics, 45
Ionic character (percent), 29, 45
Ionic conduction, 179, 463, 497
Ionic polarization, 504, 505, 849
Ionic radii, 46, 48
Iridium, 538Iron,see alsoFerrous alloys; Steels
atomic radius and crystal
structure, 40
bonding energy and melting
temperature, 28
Curie temperature, 735
electrical conductivity, 469
ferrite (α), 380, 382, 387, 843
as ferromagnetic material, 729
magnetic properties, 744
magnetization curves (single
crystal), 740
polymorphism, 61
recrystallization temperature,
268
rolling texture, 743
slip systems, 249
stress-strain behavior (at three
temperatures), 206
thermal properties, 709
yield and tensile strengths,
ductility, 205
Iron age, 2
Iron-carbon alloys,seeFerrous
alloys
Iron-iron carbide alloys, 380–383
Iron-silicon alloys, magnetic
properties, 744
Material of Importance (use in
transformer cores), 743
Isobutane, 100
Isobutylene, 118
Isomerism, 99, 845
geometrical, 113–114, 115
stereoisomerism, 112–113, 115
Isomorphous systems, 345, 846
binary,seeBinary isomorphous
alloys
Isoprene, 114
Isostatic powder pressing, 600
Isostrain, in fiber-reinforced
composites, 628
Isostress, in fiber-reinforced
composites, 631
Isotactic configuration, 112, 115,
846
Isothermal, 846
Isothermal transformation
diagrams, 414–426, 846
4340 alloy steel, 424
0.76 wt% C steel, 423
1.13 wt% C steel, 456
Isotopes, 16, 846
Isotropic materials, 82, 635, 846
Izod impact test, 310–311, 846