The Sociology of Philosophies

the imperial librarian Liu Hsin; his network of teachers descended from Liu An, the prince of Huai Nan himself (see Figure 4.3). ...

FIGURE 4.3. HAN DYNASTY TRANSITION AND FORMING OF OFFICIAL CONFUCIANISM, 235 B.C.E.–100 C.E. ...

and the Ming, that the formal educational system can promote cultural tradi- tionalism and rote learning rather than innovation. ...

as a fragmentation of military power from within. In the north, the tribal armies usually became organized as allies in the powe ...

reorganizing the population, resettling devastated areas, and colonizing the frontiers. Buddhist monasteries soon became the lea ...

challenges were not lacking; debates among Confucians, Taoists, and Buddhists took place at many courts during the period of fra ...

trines, and that which produces abstract metaphysical, epistemological, and ethical conceptions. The underlying issue is the way ...

other such shifts. These changes in external conditions are much more episodic. Intellectual changes, typically in the form of c ...

compatriots around 250 c.e. is a misnomer, and should be replaced by the contemporary terms “Pure Conversation” (ch’ing t’an) an ...

multiplicity of gods and supernatural beings associated with immortality and other magic (Welch, 1965; Strickmann, 1979; Kaltenm ...

ble a “Protestant” type in which priests are independent religious entrepreneurs living directly off public consumers. In the la ...

time, and antagonistic to it on key points. These philosophers and poets had no interest in the religious pantheon or the doctri ...

lost their opposing anchors—the court religions—when the Han fell; now their scholarship was turned loose in free space. It soon ...

affairs, and other behavior scandalous to Confucian mores. The notorious Liu Ling (ca. 221–300) used to go naked in his house. T ...

referent of Taoist non-being. Yet it is a substance and is permeated by principle, li, which governs everything down through the ...

though they built on the philosophical texts that we may call the Taoist tendency within the late Warring States period. This wa ...

or condition because that argument leads to an infinite regress. In an argument similar to Parmenides’, Kuo states that non-bein ...

official and participant in political intrigues, held that the sage is one who governs by “non-action” only in the sense of spon ...

famous calligraphers and the first great brush-stroke artists in Chinese history appeared in the 300s. A good deal of creativity ...

CHAPTER 5 £ External and Internal Politics of the Intellectual World: India With India we round out the world’s three great indi ...