3. MORPHOLOGY
A few transitive verbs like baaola bol ‘to speak,’ samaJa samjh ‘to
understand’ and BaUla bhu:l ‘to forget’ are sometimes used as
intransitives and do not take an ergative case marker.
- maOM baaolaa/ samaJaa/ BaUlaa.
m ́~ bola: / samjha: / bhu:la:.
I said/ understood/ forgot.
3.4.2.3. Ditransitive Verbs
Some verbs like donaa dena: ‘to give,’ saunaa suna: ‘to tell,’ baocanaa becna: ‘to
sell’ are called ditransitives. Ditransitives take three arguments,
namely, subject, object, and indirect objects. Indirect objects are
always marked in the dative. Other arguments follow the transitive
pattern noted above.
- Amar nao ]maa kao iktaba dI.
amar ne uma: ko kita:b di:.
Amar-erg Uma-dat book-fs gave-fs
Amar gave a book to Uma. - ]maa nao baccao kao khanaI saunaa[-.
uma: ne bacce ko kaha:ni: suna:i:.
Uma-erg child-dat story-fs told-fs
Uma told a story to the child.
3.4.2.4. Causative Verbs
Casuative verbs may be derived from transitive verbs by adding
causative suffixes. They include the transitive verbs derived from
intransitives. Causative verbs are, therefore, invariably transitive and
take the same forms as other transitive verbs. There are two types of
causative forms: causal I and causal II.
Causal I forms
Causal I verbs are formed by adding the causal suffix -a: to the
transitive verb form. As a result of adding this suffix, certain
morphophonemic changes take place.