3. MORPHOLOGY
- tumho [sako baaro maoM kaoiSaSa krnaI caaihe.
tumhe iske ba:re mẽ košiš karni: ca:hiye.
you-obl this-gen-obl for effort do-inf-fs should
You should make efforts in this regard.
The compound postposition ko $p/Baosa maoM ke ru:p/bhes mẽ expresses the
meaning ‘in the form of.’
- raajaa ek iBaKarI ko Baosa / $p maoM inaklaa.
ra:ja: ek bhikha:ri: ke bhes/ru:p mẽ nikla:.
king one beggar-gen-obl in set out
The king went out in the disguise of a beggar.
The compound postposition maoM sao mẽ se is used to express the sense of
‘among/out of’.’ Numerals and quantifiers occur after the noun
marked maoM sao mẽ se.
- ]sako ivaQyaaiqa-yaaoM maoM sao caar kSmaIr maoM hOM.
uske vidya:rthiyõ mẽ se ca:r kašmi:r mẽ h ́~.
he-gen-obl students-obl from four Kashmir-abl in are
Among his students, four are in Kashmir.
Value is expressed by the genitive or it can be denoted by the
expressions kI kImat ki: ki:mat, or ka maUlya ka: mu:ly ‘the price of X’
which precedes the value expression.
- [sa kmaIja, kI kImat tIna saaO Épe hOM.
is kami:z ki: ki:mat ti:n sø rupye h ́~.
this shirt-gen price three hundred rupees is
The price of this shirt is three hundred rupees.
The compound postposition ko baavajaUd ke ba:vaju:d is used to express
the meaning of ‘despite of.’
- baImaar haonao ko baavajaUd vah kaya-alaya Aayaa.
bi:ma:r hone ke ba:vaju:d vah ka:rya:lay a:ya:
sick be-inf-obl despite he office came
He came to the office despite being sick.
Inclusion is expressed by the compound postposition ko samaot ke
samet/saaqa sa:th ‘including.’