Biology of Disease

in most cases, by high blood pressure, but it can also be a consequence of certain hereditary conditions. The clinical picture i ...

DISORDERS OF ARTERIES AND VEINS CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY )%. Figure 14.18 Picture showing external ap ...

14.17 Clinical Problems Associated with Blood Pressure The blood pressure of any individual varies with their age, sex, physical ...

be the result of bleeding following serious trauma. Inadequate pumping by the heart may be the result of a heart attack, pulmona ...

X]VeiZg&)/ DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ CASE STUDY 14.1 Jim, a 52- year-old man, has suffered ...

inappropriate changes in the plasma lipoproteins. A change of diet and drugs may help this condition. The blood pressure may be ...

X]VeiZg&)/ DISORDERS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM )&) W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Barry, a 55-year-old, was admitted to hospita ...

)&* X]VeiZg&*/ GENETIC DISEASES 15.1 Introduction Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and encode specific funct ...

In general, chromosomes occur in matching or homologous pairs, with each member of a pair containing allelesor different forms o ...

For a gene to be expressed, the nucleotide base code in a gene in the DNA must be copied or transcribed to form an RNA molecule. ...

The cell cycle is an orderly sequence of events consisting of interphase, the period between cell divisions, and mitosis (or mei ...

poles of the spindle. During anaphase, the chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart and each chromatid moves towards the p ...

X]VeiZg&*/ GENETIC DISEASES )'% W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ Interphase Interphase First meiotic division Second meiotic division Cro ...

INHERITANCE AND MUTATIONS CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY )'& results in each chromatid acquiring genes ...

Dominant genes are conventionally written as an upper case italic letter, for exampleG, while its recessive counterpart is given ...

the same mutation. The inheritance patterns shown by dominant/recessive alleles that are associated with a clinical condition fo ...

there only needs to be one copy of a defective (mutated) X-linked recessive gene for the disorder to be expressed. For example, ...

INHERITED GENE DISORDERS CZhhVg6]bZY!BVjgZZc9Vlhdc!8]g^hHb^i]:YLddY )'* BOX 15.1 Spongiform encephalopathies or prion d ...

X]VeiZg&*/ GENETIC DISEASES )'+ W^dad\nd[Y^hZVhZ ABCD E enzyme 1 enzyme 2 enzyme 3 enzyme 4 ABCD E enzyme 1 enzyme 2 enzy ...

demonstration of a concentration of phenylalanine in the serum in excess of 0.7 mmol dm–3, compared with the reference range val ...