The National Employment Agency proposed at the end of the 1980s that guidance sessions
and modules are held, similar to a screening, but with different aims, such as: regaining
self-respect, developing abilities of social interaction, etc.
As types of screening (Sylvie Boursier, 1989, apud Guichard, Huteau, 2001), we can
enumerate:
- normative – integrative screening , which sets out to verify the
correspondence between subjects and their needs; beneficiaries have no
decision power in this case; - personal guidance screening , focusing on the individual and attempting to
draw conclusions with reference to the significance of the experience
acquired; - screening of integration in the social and work dynamics, which focuses on
identifying and evaluating the clients’ acquisitions, enhancing social and
professional recognition.
These screenings fit to situations of recruitment, guidance, and integration.
Michel (1993, apud Guichard, Huteau, 2001) classifies screenings as follows:
- guidance screening , which sets goals pertaining to a project
conceptualisation, and management of a person’s autonomy; this process
makes recourse to self-evaluation, and takes into consideration the individual
dynamics. From a theoretical point of view, guidance screening is based on
approaches that value subjectivity and give attention to clinical intuition.
Beneficiaries are pre-adolescent schoolchildren aged 13-14 who enter a new
stage of learning and development; - positioning screening has a reference point, it is more descriptive, employs
evaluation instruments, and it targets stable characteristics. It is grounded in
approaches that value the objective description of behaviour reflected in
guidance. This type of screening is similar to the traditional psychological
examination and it suits adolescents and young graduates when entering
professional life, or employed adults who face professional mobility issues.
Whatever the procedure, screening requires a basic repertoire of psychological
techniques, such as:
- interview (semi-structured);
- group work techniques;
- biographic approach;
- cognitive and personality tests;