EXAM RESOURCES
Keywords and Equations: For use with Free-Response
Questions only.
Basics
T=temperature n=moles m=mass P=pressure
V=volume D=density v=velocity M=molar mass
KE= kinetic energy t=time
Boltzmann’s constant, k=1.38 × 10 −^23 J K−^1
electron charge =−1.602 × 10 −^19 coulombs
1 electron volt per atom =96.5 kJ mol−^1
Avogadro’s number = 6.022× 1023 mol−^1
K =°C + 273 D=m/V
Gases
urms=root mean square speed
r=rate of effusion
STP =0.000°C and 1.000 atm
PV=nRT
(P+n^2 a/V^2 )(V− nb) =nRT
PA=Ptotal×XA, where XA=moles A/total moles
Ptotal= PA+PB + PC +...
P 1 V 1 /T 1 =P 2 V 2 /T 2
KEper molecule =
KEper mol =
1 atm =760 mm Hg
=760 torr
Gas constant, R=8.31 J mol−^1 k−^1
=0.0821 L atm mol−^1 K−^1
=8.31 volt coulomb mol−^1 K−^1
Thermodynamics
S°=standard entropy H°=standard enthalpy
G°=standard free energy q=heat
c=specific heat capacity Cp=molar heat capacity at constant pressure
ΔS°=ΣS°products −ΣS°reactants
ΔH°=ΣΔHf°products −ΣΔHf°reactants
ΔG°=ΣΔGf°products −ΣΔGf°reactants
rr 12 //= M M 2 1(^32) RT
1
2
mv^2
ukTmRTMrms== 33 //