.Mi& in ediicatioti
curricula, methods and teachers’ qualifications. It was hoped thus to gather
information of general use and adaptability.
In one of its resolutions the commission asked for an extensive inquiry
into the very problems it had been set up to investigate. This would seem to
indicate that more information is needed than the conference itself was able
to provide. This again is perhaps not so surprising if the difficulties of
making comparative studies in the field are taken into account-difficulties
exemplified by the reluctance of lecturers to report on anything beyond
their own personal experience.
There was a large area of agreement regarding music education in elemen-
tary schools (Miss M. Malone, United States of America, Mr. Y. Harkn,
Sweden) and urban or rural schools (Mr. A. C. McShields, Mr. H. Watkins
Shaw, United Kingdom).
The training of music teachers in rural schools appeared to be rather
diversified. Mr. H. Wilson (United States of America) deplored the lack of
time for the specifically musical training of these teachers; while Mr. E. Da-
mais (France) told of a promising project to enable future teachers to direct
an active musical life in the rural community as a whole.
Too little, perhaps, was said about secondary schools, while music for the
university student was discussed at great length. In the United States of
America liberal arts students were reported to have ample opportunity
to join in music activities (Mr. C. Parrish) while offerings in music by
European universities, according to Mr. V. Denis of Belgium, must be
regarded as quite insufficient. Some valuable recommendations made as the
result of Commission A’s discussion of audio-visual aids form part of the
resolutions presented. The subject was introduced by Mr. G. Waddington
(Canada), Mr. J. W. Horton (United Kingdom), Mr. A. E. de Cherbuliez
(Switzerland) and Mrs. L. Nouneberg (France). Again it was suggested that
more information be obtained, particularly information on school broad-
casts,which should be made available to countriesless experienced in the field.
The foregoing inquiries were concerned mainly with differences in
approach and organization, whereas the meeting to consider pre-school
training seemed to be entirely devoted to teaching methods. Mr. Frank
Martin and Mrs. M. Croptier (Switzerland) stressed (and effectively demon-
strated) the value of Dalcroze eurhythmics which were characterized not as
an art in itself, but as a common basis for all the arts. Mr. E. I<raus (Ger-
many) commented briefly on Carl Orff’s achievement incorporated in his
‘Schulwerk’. Mr. M. Martenot (France) stressed certain physiological and
pedagogical principles which must form the basis of a truly creative effort
in music education.
The many-sided and involved problem of individual or private instruc-
tion was discussed from the Japanese, Philippine and British points of view
(Mu. Naohiro Fukui, Japan; Miss Lucrecia Kasilag, Philippines; Mr. J. R.
Walters, United Kingdom). Emphasis was laid on the important function of
the private teacher in the general scheme of music education and the point was