Simple Nature - Light and Matter

of images, 783
real, 782
virtual, 778
impedance, 628
of an inductor, 631
impedance matching, 635, 739
incoherent light, 813
independence
statistical, 857, 858
independent probabilities
law of, 858
index of refraction
defined, 802
related to speed of light, 803
inductance
defined, 613
induction, 620
inductor, 611
inductance, 611
inertial frame of reference, 63
information paradox, 451
inner product, 425
in quantum mechanics, 981
on a general vector space, 965
insulator
defined, 540
invariance
rotational, 195
inverted reflection, 376
Io, 766
iodine, 863
ion drive, 134
isotopes, 508
Ives-Stilwell experiment, 428

Jeans
James, 856
joule (unit), 74
Joule, James, 73
paddlewheel experiment, 76
junction rule, 553
Jupiter, 766

kelvin (unit), 314
Kelvin scale, 75
Kepler’s laws, 96
Keynes, John Maynard, 474
kilo- (metric prefix), 24
kilogram, 25, 56

standard, 57

kinetic energy, 76

compared to momentum, 136

kinetic energy theorem, 169

kinetic friction, 156

coefficient of, 157

Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, 55

Laplace, 16

Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 855

Laplacian, 655, 910

Lavoisier, Pierre-Andr ́e

conservation of mass, 59

execution, 55

least time, principle of, 776, 809, 825

Leibniz, 94

lens, 806

lensmaker’s equation, 808

light, 16

absorption of, 767

angular momentum of, 733

brightness of, 769

defined, 482

Doppler shift for, 426

electromagnetic wave, 724

momentum of, 135, 448, 460, 730

particle model of, 769

ray model of, 769

speed of, 765

wave model of, 769

waves, 364

light cone, 420

lightlike, 420

LIGO, 583

line integral, 220

linear independence, 965

linear no-threshold, 520

linear operator, 965

Lipkin linkage, 841

LNT, 520

loop rule, 558

Lorentz invariance, 423

Lorentz transformation, 404

Lorentz, Hendrik, 404

LRC circuit, 637

lumped-circuit approximation

for capacitors, 601

magnetic dipole, 678

Index 1097