Momentum compared to kinetic energy, 136.—Collisions in one
dimension, 138.—The center of mass, 142.—The center of mass
frame of reference, 147.—Totally inelastic collisions, 148.
3.2 Force in one dimension.............. 149
Momentum transfer, 149.—Newton’s laws, 150.—What force is
not, 153.—Forces between solids, 155.—Fluid friction, 159.—Analysis
of forces, 160.—Transmission of forces by low-mass objects, 162.—
Work, 164.—Simple Machines, 171.—Force related to interaction
energy, 172.
3.3 Resonance.................... 175
Damped, free motion, 176.—The quality factor, 179.—Driven mo-
tion, 180.
3.4 Motion in three dimensions............. 191
The Cartesian perspective, 191.—Rotational invariance, 195.—Vectors,
197.—Calculus with vectors, 212.—The dot product, 216.—Gradients
and line integrals (optional), 219.
Problems...................... 222
Exercises...................... 2444 Conservation of Angular Momentum
4.1 Angular momentum in two dimensions........ 251
Angular momentum, 251.—Application to planetary motion, 256.—
Two theorems about angular momentum, 257.—Torque, 260.—
Applications to statics, 264.—Proof of Kepler’s elliptical orbit law,
268.
4.2 Rigid-body rotation................ 271
Kinematics, 271.—Relations between angular quantities and mo-
tion of a point, 272.—Dynamics, 274.—Iterated integrals, 276.—
Finding moments of inertia by integration, 279.
4.3 Angular momentum in three dimensions....... 284
Rigid-body kinematics in three dimensions, 284.—Angular mo-
mentum in three dimensions, 286.—Rigid-body dynamics in three
dimensions, 291.
Problems...................... 294
Exercises...................... 3055 Thermodynamics
5.1 Pressure, temperature, and heat........... 308
Pressure, 308.—Temperature, 312.—Heat, 315.
5.2 Microscopic description of an ideal gas........ 316
Evidence for the kinetic theory, 316.—Pressure, volume, and tem-
perature, 317.
5.3 Entropy as a macroscopic quantity.......... 320
Efficiency and grades of energy, 320.—Heat engines, 321.—Entropy,
322.
5.4 Entropy as a microscopic quantity.......... 326
A microscopic view of entropy, 326.—Phase space, 328.—Microscopic
definitions of entropy and temperature, 329.—Equipartition, 333.—
The arrow of time, or “this way to the Big Bang”, 337.—Quantum8 Contents