Leader Values-Needed and Student Values-Held: Dilemmas for Leader Educators 265End Values Instrumental Values
Beliefs about ultimate goals or desirable states such Beliefs about what we must do to achieve those end
as happiness or wisdom. values, such as behaving courageously or
responsibly.
a. A comfortable (prosperous) life a. Ambition (hardworking and aspiring)
b. Equality (equal opportunity for all) b. Broad-mindedness (open-minded)
c. An exciting (stimulating/active) life c. Capable (competent/effective)
d. Family security (taking care of loved ones) d. Cheerful (light-hearted/joyful)
e. Freedom (independence and free choice) e. Clean (neat and tidy)
f. Health (physical and mental well-being) f. Courageous (standing up for one’s beliefs)
g. Inner harmony (freedom from inner conflict) g. Forgiving (willing to pardon others)
h. Mature love (sexual & spiritual intimacy) h. Helpfulness (working for welfare of others)
i. National security (protection from attack) i. Honest (sincere and truthful)
j. Pleasure (enjoyable, leisurely life) j. Imaginative (daring and creative)
k. Salvation (saved, eternal life) k. Intellectual (self-reliant, self-sufficient)
l. Self-respect (self-esteem) l. Logical (consistent, rational)
m. A sense of accomplishment (lasting contribution) m. Loving (affectionate and tender)
n. Social recognition (respect and admiration) n. Loyalty (faithful to friends and/or group)
o. True friendship (close companionship) o. Obedient (dutiful, respectful)
p. Wisdom (a mature understanding of life) p. Polite (courteous and well-mannered)
q. A world at peace (world free of war & conflict) q. Responsible (dependable and reliable)
r. World of beauty (beauty of nature and the arts) r. Self-controlled (restrained, self-discipline)