June3] PROCEEDINGS. [1890.
in the sense of "grasshopper" or "cricket" (sasiru,*SSy£)\which
remindsus of the relation betweeninitialr and s exhibited by the
ideograms £^H 5lM (and RIG)> *2=M 5uN (ancl RUG)- To
both the meaning "bright, pure, white," is assigned (ibbu, ellu).
Withrug(rig)in this sensewe may compare su-rus, " to flash,
sparkle, flame, shine" (hamdtu, kabdbu, Sabdbu, iamti). But we
alsofindSu-g'uswitha similar sense(Sabdbu,iamu); whichshows,
as Haupt has pointedout,thatthe Accadian g' (=r) is really a
soundakinto the Semitic gutturalstrongAyin(i),resembling r
grasiiyi. This accounts for the few characters givenunderyung
(gug,gun)in the Chinese lexicon,whichthe Pekingese pronounce
likerung:%fc yung, rung," glory, splendour,"" blood " (cp. run in
Accadian gu-RUN, "blood," damu); ffc rung (3 fires + roof)
" sparkling," " blazing," §§- rung, " lustre of gems," " lustrous,"
" to brighten," and oneor two othercharacters. The Accadian
Jl^^yy rig also means " to surround," " enclose" (in Jl^JZ^fy
j^IT and E53TT ~ "ML ^L ** ****); <*• 'ifk «*w. "to
revolve" (of eddies); rung, "rills," "rivulets"; %fe rung, "to
wind,tie around, coil around;go around." Considering thatan
initial r is not found in the Chinese lexicon, except in these few
instancesunderyung,these coincidencesseem to me to be very
significant.
Returningnowto the Chinese vocablewithwhichwe are chiefly
concerned,we may pointout that jj{| hiung (bird+ arm), "a cock
bird,the maleof insects and smallanimals;the best, masculine,
martial; brave, heroic," is clearly related to Q kung, " prince,
lord,master; the male of animals ; husband," on the one hand, and
to sin, sim, shim,"heart"(as. "hearty," "courageous,""spirited"),on
the other. Theleadingidea, as in J£ hiung, " pre-eminent, high,
exalted," seems to be that of brightness, and so superiority ; cp.
►jrM, Sun (sin), " pure," " glorious " (ibbu, eliu), 4$ ku,
" glorious " (ellu), ^fz kun, " to be bright, to shine " (namdru) :
also fc"v<?-T uku, " day," and " king" (umu, Sdrru). jf| hiung,
" the bear," whichinvolves the character for flame, is difficult; but
this element of fire, and the fact that the character repeated is
used of brightness, in the phrase ki-kwanghiung-hiung," the glare
(was)intense,"seemsto connect it with the same idea. Perhapsit
originallymeantthe white bear(= Sun or Sin, ''white,"ibbu).
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