Organic Waste Recycling

Characteristics of organic wastes 73

Table 2.29 shows a comparison between conventional and cleaner production
for an industry. It is apparent from this table that industries that practice CP could
achieve the following benefits:

• Improved products and processes


• Saving on raw materials and energy, and production costs


• Increased competitiveness through the use of new and improved
  technologies


• Reducing needs for more environmental regulations


• Reducing risks from on and off site treatment, storage and disposal of
  toxic and other kinds of wastes


• Improved health and safety of employees


• Improved staff morale, leading to better productivity


• Improving the industry’s public image, and


• Reducing the cost of end-of-pipe solutions

Table 2.29 Comparison between conventional and cleaner production (UNEP 2001)

Considering
point

Conventional production Cleaner production

Process design not designed for waste
prevention

designed for minimum waste or zero
waste
Plant lay-out
design

not designed designed to minimize motion in work

Selection of
raw materials

use cheapest raw

materials

use raw materials less effect on

environments

By product no use of by products,
considering in term of
waste

use of by-product

Product less concern on
environments

concern impact to environments at the
end of their life
Treatment end-of-pipe pollution
technology

pollution control technology

However, there are some limitations to the CP approach and operation as
listed in Table 2.30. For a CP program to be successful, these limitations, which
can vary from industry to industry, have to be understood and resolved by the
management and concerned personnel. The four principle steps in the planning
and implementation of a CP program as shown in Figure 2.11 are briefly
described below: