MODERN COSMOLOGY

The physics of the early universe: an overview 7 matter, on various scales. By definition, its main interaction, in the present ...

8 The physics of the early universe (an overview) While supersymmetries can soon be confirmed, either by the discovery of neutra ...

Chapter 2 An introduction to the physics of cosmology John A Peacock Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, United Ki ...

10 An introduction to the physics of cosmology since the equationPμ=0 reduces to these laws for an observer who sees a set of s ...

Aspects of general relativity 11 2.1.1 The equivalence principle The problem of how to generalize the laboratory laws of special ...

12 An introduction to the physics of cosmology The most well-known example of the power of the equivalence principle is the thou ...

The energy–momentum tensor 13 (i) they redshift the photons we see, so that an overdensitycoolsthe background as the photons cli ...

14 An introduction to the physics of cosmology (notice how neatly such a conservation law can be expressed in 4-vector form). Wh ...

The energy–momentum tensor 15 The idea here is that the changes experienced by an observer moving with the fluid are inevitably ...

16 An introduction to the physics of cosmology This defines the speed of sound to becS^2 =∂p/∂ρ. Notice that, by a fortunate coi ...

The field equations 17 Converting this to an equation forRij, it follows thatR=R^00 +^32 Rand hence that G^00 =G 00 = 2 R 00. Di ...

18 An introduction to the physics of cosmology achievedρc^2 + 3 p<0 would produceantigravity. Although such a possibility may ...

The Friedmann models 19 Figure 2.1.A thought experiment to illustrate the application of conservation of energy to the vacuum. I ...

20 An introduction to the physics of cosmology Because of spherical symmetry, the spatial part of the metric can be decomposed i ...

The Friedmann models 21 along a trajectory of fixedβandγwill eventually return to their starting point (whenα= 2 π). In this res ...

22 An introduction to the physics of cosmology This defines theredshift zin terms of the shift of spectral lines. What is the eq ...

The Friedmann models 23 The ‘flat’ universe withk=0 arises for a particular critical density. We are therefore led to define a d ...

24 An introduction to the physics of cosmology 2.4.4 Solutions to the Friedmann equation The Friedmann equation may be solved mo ...

The Friedmann models 25 cosmological constant. Detailed discussions of the problem are given by Felten and Isaacman (1986) and C ...

26 An introduction to the physics of cosmology Figure 2.2.This plot shows the different possibilities for the cosmological expan ...