the Ocean’s Shores’, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1970.
- Wade, ‘Chinese imperial expansion’, p. 17.
- Wang Gungwu, ‘Early Ming relations with Southeast Asia’, p. 56.
- I am grateful to Geoff Wade for making available his translations
from the Ming Shi-lu, from which this paragraph is drawn.
- Nicolas Gervaise, The Natural and Political History of the Kingdom
of Siam, translated and with an introduction by John Villiers,
2nd edn, White Lotus, Bangkok, 1998, pp. 191–3.
Chapter 6 Enter the Europeans
- Anthony Reid, Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680,
vol. 1, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1988.
- John E. Wills Jr., Embassies and Illusions: Dutch and Portuguese
Envoys to K’ang-hsi, 1666–1687, Harvard University Press, Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1984, p. 19.
- I am drawing here on Roderich Ptak, ‘Ming maritime trade to
Southeast Asia, 1368–1567: Visions of a “system” ’ in From the
Mediterranean to the China Sea: Miscellaneous Notes, eds. Claude
Guillot, Denys Lombard and Roderich Ptak, Harrassowitz Verlag,
Wiesbaden, 1998, pp. 157–91.
- Ptak, ‘Ming maritime trade’, p. 173.
- Cf. Anthony Reid on the rise and fall of Ayutthaya in his Chart-
ing the Shape of Modern Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian
Studies, Singapore, 2000, pp. 85–99.
- John K. Fairbank and Ssu-yu Teng, ‘On the Ch’ing tributary
system’ in John K. Fairbank and Ssu-yu Teng, Ch’ing Administra-
tion: Three Studies, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.,
1961, pp. 135–45.
- Wills, Embassies, pp. 1–5, 31–3.
- Amounting to 58 per cent of the population. L. Blussé, Strange
Notes
