Derek Boshier, John Hilliard, and Barbara Kasten.
Special archives include photography and photo-
graphic albums of Poland (1912–1939) by Jan Buł-
hak and in the Department of Graphics and Modern
Drawing, an archive of Polish avant-garde photo-
montages of Kazimierz Posadecki, Janusz Maria
Brzeski, Mieczysław Berman, and photograms of
Karol Hiller from the 1920s and 1930s. Postwar
reportage and sociological photography (Zofia
Rydet, Bohdan Dziworski, Tomasz Tomaszewski,
Adam Bujak and Anna Bohdziewicz) and photogra-
phy related to avant-garde movements (Zbigniew
Dłubak, Andrzej Pawłowski, and Marek Piasecki)
are featured. A selection of Socialist Realism from
the 1950s is another area of concentration, as well as
a large number of works by artists of the Torun ́-
based group Zero 61. Books and catalogues, mainly
Polish-language, and magazines on photography are
collected by the museum library. Two to three tem-
porary exhibitions are mounted each year.
http://www.muzeumsztuki.lodz.pl
Muzeum Historii Fotografii (Museum of the
History of Photography), Cracow
Founded in 1986 and located in a historic villa,
MHF is the only museum in Poland that exclusively
collects and shows photography. The collection,
made up in part of that amassed by the Cracow
Photographic Society, comprises some 55,000 photo-
graphs, cameras, and other photographic equipment.
The collections focus on Polish history, including
cultural, political, and military photography, and
especially photography of the region and of the city
of Cracow. Highlights include works by Jan Bułhak,
the first coloured slides (autochromes) by Tadeusz
Rza ̨ca, and complete documentation of the works of
Władysław Marynowicz—the Polish photographer
active in Britain. Recently, the museum has started
a collection of fine arts photography, featuring. the
works of Erich Lessing, Edward Hartwig, and For-
tunata Obra ̨palska. The technical aspects of photo-
graphy are another area of interest in the museum,
with the permanent display consisting of photo-
graphic equipment. The library holds approximately
5,500 volumes. Approximately 10 temporary exhibi-
tionsareheldeachyearinninegallerieswithinthe
museum’s 230 square meter building.
http://www.mhf.krakow.pl
Portugal
Centro Portugueˆs de Fotografia, Porto
The museum was founded in 1997 to be the
national center for collecting photography in Por-
tugal. Collection focuses on both Portuguese and
international photography from its beginnings to
the present day. The CPF also maintains an archive
that holds negatives and prints of Portuguese
photographers and studios. This archive is divided
into two parts, one located in Porto holding the
collections belonging to the northern part of the
country and the other in Lisbon holding the collec-
tions of southern Portugal. These archives hold
over 2.5 million works. Highlights of the collection
include Bernard Plossu, Paulo Nozolino, Duarte
Belo, Emı ́lio Biel, Nicholas Nixon, Neal Slavin,
and Bruce Gilden. The most important and repre-
sentative collections in the Archives are those of
Domingos Alva ̃o (1869–1946), Aure ́lio da Paz dos
Reis (1862–1931), Joshua Benoliel (1878–1932),
portraits of the prisoners in Cadeia da Relac ̧a ̃o
(1880s–1905), and the newspaper Se ́culo. CPF’s
library holds approximately 1,600 books and 200
magazines, as well as a database information ser-
vice. CPF features many educational programs,
including workshops, seminars, and book publish-
ing. The permanent display is an overview of the
history of Portuguese photography and historical
cameras. Eight temporary exhibitions are mounted
each year of both Portuguese and international
developments in photography.
http://www.cpf.ptSpain
Universidad de Navarra, (University of Navarra),
Pamplona
The photo collection was founded in 1990. Own-
ers of the growing photo collection are: Legado Ortiz
Echagu ̈e, Fundacio ́n Universitaria de Navarra, and
Universidad de Navarra.
Special collections include the Jose ́Ortiz Echagu ̈e
Collection with ca. 1,700 photographs, cameras,
and other technical equipment; a nineteenth cen-
tury Spanish Collection with ca. 4,600 photographs;
and the Juan Dolcet Collection with ca. 750 photo-
graphs. The whole collection aims to form a Span-
ish photo collection that covers photography in
Spain from its beginnings until today. The photo
library holds ca. 1,200 books and magazines.
Approximately four to five temporary exhibitions
are held per year. Publications, courses, congresses,
symposiums, conferences are also produced.
http://www.unav.esMuseu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya, Barcelona
A museum devoted to the history of Catalan art,
including photography, displaying works from theMUSEUMS: EUROPE