relationship between rpband t, 297
relationship between stress and health, 248–250
relationships and differences, 246
relative advantages and disadvantages of the mode,
the median, and the mean, 33
relative risk, 161
repeated measures, 194
repeated-measures designs, 414
replacement, 663
replicate, 341
reporting results
of an analysis of covariance, 612
for an analysis of variance, 330
on Holm’s procedure, 387–389
measures of association and effect size, 443–444
for a ttest on two independent samples, 210
resampling, 342–343
resampling and nonparametric approaches to data, 659–686
bootstrapping as a general approach, 661–663
bootstrapping confidence limits on a correlation
coefficient, 670–673
bootstrapping with one sample, 663–665
Friedman’s rank test for k correlated samples, 659–686
Kruskall-Wallis one-way analysis of variance, 683–684
resampling with two independent samples, 668–670
resampling with two related samples, 665–668
sign test, 682–683
Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-ranks test, 678–682
Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test, 673–678
resampling bias, 663
resampling procedures, 660
resampling statistics, 342
resampling with two independent samples, 668–670
resampling with two related samples, 665–668
research hypothesis, 91
residual error, 524, 530
residuals, 254, 525
residual variance, 259, 530–531
resistance, 46–47
retrospective power, 239–241
retrospective study, 160
r-family, 159, 164
r-family measures, 438
risk, 160
risk difference, 160
risk ratio, 161
robust, 215
role of assumptions in correlation and regression, 280–281
root-mean-square standardized effect (RMSSE), 347
row totals, 146
Ryan procedure (REGWQ), 393, 394
sample mean testing when sis unknown—
the one-sample ttest, 185
confidence interval on μ, 192–194
degrees of freedom, 187
moon illusion, 190–192
psychomotor abilities of low-birthweight infants, 187–189
sampling distribution of s^2 , 185
using SPSS to run one-sample t tests, 194
the tstatistic, 185–187
sample sizes, 180, 533–534
sample statistics, 95
sample variance, 40
sample variance as an estimator of the population
variance, 47
sample without replacement, 116
sample with replacement, 113
samples, 2
sampling distribution, 129
of differences between means, 89, 203
of the mean, 180–183
sampling error, 86
sampling without replacement, 661
sampling with replacement, 116, 661
SAS (commercial software), 9, 517, 593
saturated model, 635, 638
scatter diagram, 247
scatterplot, 247–249
scatterplot smoothers, 257
Scheffé test, 394
Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), 44
second-order interactions, 446
second quartile Q2, 39
selection methods, 546–547
semipartial correlations, 535–537, 552, 555
sequential sums of squares, 595
sigma, 30
sigmoidal curve, 563
significance level, 96
significance of f, 300
significance of rs, 304
significance of tau, 306
significance of the overall F, 366
sign test, 132–133, 682–683
simple analysis of variance, 317–354
calculations in the analysis of variance, 324–330
computer analyses and solutions, 330–332, 354–355
example, 318–319
fixed versus random models, 343
the logic of the analysis of variance, 321–323
power, 348–354
size of an experimental effect, 343–348
transformations, 336–343
the underlying model, 319–321
unequal sample sizes, 332–334
violations of assumptions, 334–336
writing up the results, 330
simple effects, 416, 450
additivity of simple effects, 426
calculations, 425
interpretations, 425766 Index