Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine

In summary, most cases of endemic VAP are acquired through the aspiration of microorganism-containing oropharyngeal, gastric, or ...

c. Home infusion therapy (including antibiotics) d. Chronic dialysis in the previous 30 days e. Home wound care f. Family member ...

Within the categories described, the causes of nosocomial pneumonia also vary considerably according to geographic, temporal, an ...

and aspiration are implemented. These measures are based on avoiding or improving the specific risk factors identified to promot ...

Table 3 Preventing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals—SHEA/IDSA Practice Recommendation Recommendation Cate ...

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) using topical antimicrobial agents for oral decontamination and the use o ...

It is difficult to avoid airway contamination from exogenous sources, but changing ventilators only for infection control and no ...

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTING Establishing a Diagnosis of VAP There is no single pathognomonic test that ensures ...

Confirming the Etiology Although the presence of clinical signs should raise a suspicion of VAP, confirming the diagnosis is muc ...

claim that a negative Gram stain on an EA sample is of great NPV for a diagnosis of VAP and allows for the decision to not start ...

used in VAP patients, with sensitivities obtained by the usual procedure. The six antibiotics included in the rapid test were ox ...

such as the use of corticosteroids, head trauma, and lung structural disease among others (24,48,49,51,57,262–266). Patients wit ...

treated with vancomycin, in which the targeted trough vancomycin concentration was at least four times the MIC (271). Strains of ...

Linezolid might be preferred in patients at risk of or with renal insufficiency in whom vancomycin is often associated with a ri ...

Table 7 Antibiotic Dose Adjustment in Patients with Renal Impairment Antibiotic CrCl (mL/min) Dose adjustment Amikacin  40 15 m ...

delivery of antibiotics is not considered standard therapy for either prophylaxis or the treatment of lower respiratory tract in ...

Duration of Therapy The ideal length of antibiotic therapy is still under debate. In a prospective randomized clinical trial, Ch ...

Fowler RA, Flavin KE, Barr J, et al. Variability in antibiotic prescribing patterns and outcomes in patients with clinically su ...

Cameron JL, Reynolds J, Zuidema GD. Aspiration in patients with tracheostomies. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1973; 136(1):68–70. du Moul ...

Yu VL, Kroboth FJ, Shonnard J, et al. Legionnaires’ disease: new clinical perspective from a prospective pneumonia study. Am J ...