Infectious Diseases in Critical Care Medicine

The principal MSCRAMM ofS. viridansis dextran. This carbohydrate promotes its attachment to the fibrin platelet clot. Other MSCS ...

cells but are eventually released back into the circulation.S. aureusalso induces production of tissue factor (TF) by both monoc ...

group is the most frequent cause of gram-negative endocarditis. They usually produce subacute disease that is notable for its ma ...

and initiation of appropriate treatment contribute to the high rate of morbidity and mortality of health care IE (HCIE) (50–52). ...

IE occurs as at least twice as often in men as in women. This differential increases over the years. The incidence ratio of men ...

BSIs may occur spontaneously or are secondary to a variety of invasive procedures (78). Transient bacteremias occur in 10% of pa ...

catheter insertion. Within a few days of its placement, a sleeve of biofilmconsisting of fibrin and fibronectin, along with plat ...

In the developed world, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) accounts for less than 20% of NVIE. In developing countries, RHD causes 50 ...

development of IE. All of these diseases share in common an increased frequency of BSIs (72,121). HIV-positive IVDA patients hav ...

the conduction system of the heart. Multiple myocardial abscesses are seen primarily in S. aureusIE (20% of fatal cases). These ...

Table 8 Organ Involvement in NVE Peripheral stigmata(20% of patients) Musculoskeletal(40%–50% of patients) Intracardiac Janeway ...

of Janeway lesions, Osler’s nodes (20% of cases) (132). The patient may present with symptoms of myocarditis or pericarditis. It ...

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS History SBE is a very indolent infection. Its most common symptoms are low-grade fever, fatigue, anorexia ...

in cases of suspected SBE. If these cultures fail to retrieve the organism, then a second set of blood cultures should be obtain ...

Falsely negative blood cultures currently occur in 5% cases of IE. These are most frequently due to the prior administration of ...

of acute IE, electrocardiography should be performed every 48 to 72 hours to help rule out the development of septal abscesses. ...

Definitive pathological diagnosis of IE is derived at by culturing organisms from an endocardial vegetation, an embolized thromb ...

The diagnosis of IE is rejected when: There is a definitive alternative diagnosis. The clinical manifestations of IE resolve af ...

THERAPY Nonantibiotic Therapy An operative approach is eventually required in 25% of cases of IE. Twenty-five percent of these s ...

Certain echocardiographic findings are recognized as being predictive of the need for surgery in IE (197). Among these are: (i) ...