INDEX 865Photoresist, 379
Physical channels, 322
Physical layer, OSI model, 321
Pinch-off voltage, 368
PIPO.SeeParallel-in parallel-out
register
PISO.SeeParallel-in serial-out
register
PLL.SeePhase-locked loop
PM.SeePhase modulation
PMOS, 379, 432, 433
pn-junction, 340–45
pn-junction diode, 340
Point charge, 4
Polar waveform, 715
Pole pitch, 514
Pole-face winding, 596
Polyphase induction machines:
equivalent circuits, 563–67
performance, 567–69
speed and torque control, 573–74
starting methods, 574–78
Polyphase synchronous machines,
555
Polyphase transformers, 480
Port, 163
POS.SeeProduct of sums
Position servo, radar system, 808,
811
Positive feedback, 244
Positive phase sequence, 201
Positive sequence, 199
Potential difference, 11
Potential transformer (PT), 48
Potentiometer, 18, 505
Power, 11, 12
ac.Seeac power
active power, 113
apparent power, 114
available power, 227
balanced three-phase circuits,
206–8
complex power, 114, 455
concepts, 455–60
defined, 112
dissipation, 228
distribution, 460–62
generation, 452–53, 460
instantaneous power, 11
power transfer, 22–23
residential wiring, 212–15,
461–62
safety codes, 214
source loading, 23
transmission, 198, 460, 462–63
transmission lines, 453, 464
in the U.S., 452–53
Power angle, 583, 585–87
Power dissipation, 228
Power distribution, ac power,
460–62
Power efficiency, transformers, 486
Power factor, 113, 455
Power factor correction, 458
Power gain, 226, 678
Power generation:
ac power, 460
in the U.S., 452–53
Power grid, 451
Power loss, residential wiring, 212
Power measurement, 208–12
Power semiconductor devices,
750–60
Power semiconductor-controlled
drives, 748–49, 780–81
devices, 750–53
power electronic circuits, 753–60
solid-state control, 760–68
of dc motors, 760–68
of induction motors, 768–77
of synchronous motors, 777–79
Power spectral density, 716
Power system loads, 462–66
Power systems:
computers in, 454
Great Blackout of 1965, 466–68
history of, 452
planning and research, 454–55
power distribution, 460–62
power generation, 452–53, 460
power grid, 451
power transmission, 198, 460,
462–63
residential wiring, 212–15,
461–62
single-phase power systems,
455–66
three-phase power systems,
455–66
transmission lines, 453, 464
trends in, 453–54
in the U.S., 452–53
Power transfer, 22–23
Power transmission, 452–53
ac power, 460
three-phase scheme, 198
transmission lines, 453, 464
Power triangle, 114
Power-delay product (PDP), 437
Power-handling capacity, 228
Power-law modulation, 687, 688
Power-supply rejection ratio
(PSRR), 239
Power-type signal, 633
Preemphasis filtering, 655, 695
Presentation layer, OSI model, 322
Pressure transducer, 505
Primary winding, transformer, 36
Prime implicant, 287
Principal-plane pattern, 680
Principle of alignment, 509–10
Principle of interaction, 509
Principle of superposition, 81, 83,
629
PRK.SeePhase-reversal keying
PROBE, 86Product demodulator, 642
Product modulator, 641
Product of sums (POS), 277, 281,
288
Program counter, 318
Programs.SeeComputer programs
Propagation delay, 292, 426
Propagation mode, 672
Proportionality, 81
Protocol, 321
Proton, charge, 4
PSK.SeePhase-shift keying
PSpice, 86–88
frequency response with, 171–72
steady-state sinusoidal analysis,
170–71
transient analysis, 168–70
PSRR.SeePower-supply rejection
ratio
Public-data network (PDN), 320
Pull-out power, 557
Pull-out torque, 557
Pulling out of step, 557
Pulsational emf, 507
Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM),
646
Pulse duration modulation (PDM),
646
Pulse modulation system, 645–46
Pulse width modulation (PWM),
646
Pulse-code modulation (PCM),
716–19
Pure capacitor, 114
Pure inductor, 113
PWM.SeePulse width modulation
Pyramidal-horn antennas, 683QQuality factor, 161
Quantization, 268–69, 711–12
Quantization error, digital
communication systems,
713–14
Quantizers, 711
Quiescent point, 345RR-2R ladder D/A converter, 307–8
Radar system, position servo, 808,
811
Radiation intensity pattern,
antennas, 678, 680
Radiation pattern, antennas, 680
Radiative coupling, 649
Radio:
FM broadcasting, 685–86, 698,
699
signal processing, 626