cognitive factors 285, 287–90,
292 – 8
definition 286
dimensions 303
management 8, 285, 343
meaning 201, 293, 296
measurement 285, 303– 4
models 285
pattern theory of 286
perception 6, 285, 322
placebo effect on 310, 312
progressive 286
psychogenic 287, 305
psychological factors 285, 287–90,
295 – 8
reduction 310, 314, 321
relief 303, 325
secondary gains 290, 294, 295
theories 286– 90
pain killers 286; see also analgesics
pairing 141
palpitations 78
pap tests 26
Papscreen Victoria 220
parents 194, 198, 206, 277, 356
attitudes 139
behaviour 139
drinking 113
pressure 5
smoking 112
partner support 198
partners, sexual 192, 195, 196, 198,
201
pathways between psychology and
health 5, 6, 9, 10
patient centredness 92– 4
peer group expectations 5
peer prescription stage (of
contraception use) 189
peer pressure 112, 113, 198, 199,
206
peptic ulcers 78
perceived control 24
perceived need 40
perceived stress 248
Perceived Stress Scale 245
peripheral nerve fibres 288
permissiveness 190, 194
person environment fit 234
personal harm 222
personality 193, 264, 267–8, 276–8,
282, 341, 347, 372
personality change 342
personalization 78
pessimism 262, 344
phantom limb pain 287
phentermine 369
phenylketonuria 215
photography 264
physical activity 135, 168, 317, 359,
389; see also exercise
physical fitness 394
physical training 378
physiological measures 303– 4
physiological model of stress 233
physiological stress 248, 249
measures 244– 8
physiological theories 9, 315, 316
pill, contraceptive 187, 194, 195
Pima Indians 357
Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham 213
placebos 59, 171, 301–2, 307– 26
definition 309
history 309– 10
how they work 310– 15
planning 57, 271
plaque formation 257
plastic surgery 392
plateau, sexual 185
PMT, see protection motivation theory
pneumonia 15, 266
polygraph 244
polyps 228
population screening, see screening,
population
positive imagery 343
positive psychology 272
positive reframing 271
positive reinforcement 294
positive thinking 342
posters, motivational 175
poverty 234, 265, 267
power relations 206
gendered 183
practice 8, 205
praise 176precontemplation 22, 23, 114, 115,
178, 179
pre-eclampsia 222
preferences 145
pregnancy 114, 148, 191, 222, 223,
avoidance 183, 186– 94
pre-lapse state 126
preloading 153, 154, 160, 161, 163
preload/taste test 153
prenatal experiences 242
preparation stage 22, 23, 116
prescription 77, 78, 86
prevention 212, 280
primary 229
primacy effect 82
primary appraisal 238, 242
primary screening, see screening,
primary
problem-focused coping, see coping,
problem-focused
problem of progress 250, 282
problem solving 53, 86–9, 109, 272,
335, 378
procedural information 83
professional beliefs 95
Profile of Mood States 337
progressive muscle relaxation 246
progressive pain, see pain, progressive
prohibition 122
prospective design 252, 259, 348,
359, 403
prostate cancer, see cancer, prostate
prostitution 184, 196
protection motivation theory (PMT)
13, 29–30, 37, 38, 43, 111
protein 134
psoriasis 272
psychogenic pain, see pain,
psychogenic
psychological adjustment 55
psychological distress 265, 266
psychological processes perspective
386
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) 251,
260 – 1, 263, 282, 398
psychosis 4, 346
Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness
Scale 346INDEX 469