Organic Chemistry

180 CHAPTER 4 Reactions of Alkenes For each of the following pairs, indicate which member is the more stable: a. e. b. f. c. g ...

Problems 181 a. What product is obtained from the reaction of HCl with 1-butene? With 2-butene? b. Which of the two reactions h ...

C ompounds that have the same molecular formula but are not identical are called isomers. Isomers fall into two main classes: co ...

Section 5.1 Cis–Trans Isomers 183 Movie: Isomerism PROBLEM 1 a. Draw three constitutional isomers with molecular formula b. How ...

an asymmetric carbon 184 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry 5.2 Chirality Why can’t you put your right shoe on your left foot? Why can’t ...

Section 5.4 Isomers with One Asymmetric Carbon 185 Tutorial: Identification of asymmetric carbon atoms Notice that the only carb ...

186 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry A chiral molecule has a nonsuperimpos- able mirror image. An achiral molecule has a superimpos- ab ...

A shortcut—called a Fischer projection—for showing the three-dimensional arrangement of groups bonded to an asymmetric carbon wa ...

188 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry Robert Sidney Cahn (1899–1981), was born in England and received an M.A. from Cambridge University ...

Section 5.6 Naming Enantiomers: The R,SSystem of Nomenclature 189 If you forget which is which, imagine driving a car and turnin ...

190 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry 4.In drawing the arrow from group 1 to group 2, you can draw past the group with the lowest priori ...

Section 5.6 Naming Enantiomers: The R,SSystem of Nomenclature 191 It is easy to tell whether two molecules are enantiomers (nons ...

When light is filtered through two polarized lenses at a 90°angle to one other, no light is transmitted through them. 192 CHAPT ...

Section 5.7 Optical Activity 193 However, when polarized light passes through a solution of a chiral compound, the light emerges ...

194 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry amount of rotation will vary with the wavelength of the light used, the light source for a polarim ...

Section 5.8 Optical Purity and Enantiomeric Excess 195 dextrorotatory or levorotatory is to put the compound in a polarimeter. F ...

196 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry For example, if a sample of 2-bromobutane has an observed specific rotation of its optical purity ...

Section 5.9 Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Carbon 197 5.9 Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Carbon Many organic compo ...

198 CHAPTER 5 Stereochemistry groups on the same side of the carbon chain are called the erythro enantiomers (Section 22.3). Tho ...

Section 5.9 Isomers with More than One Asymmetric Carbon 199 PROBLEM 21 Draw the stereoisomers of 2,4-dichlorohexane. Indicate p ...