Organic Chemistry

80 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds 2.8 Structures of Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines The bond (where ...

The nitrogen of an amine has the same geometry it has in ammonia (Section 1.12). One, two, or three hydrogens may be replaced by ...

82 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Relatively weak forces hold alkane molecules together. Alkanes contain only ca ...

Section 2.9 Physical Properties of Alkanes, Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, and Amines 83 The boiling points of these compounds ...

dipole–dipole interactions. The strongest hydrogen bonds are linear—the two elec- tronegative atoms and the hydrogen between the ...

PROBLEM 20 a. Which of the following compounds will form hydrogen bonds between its molecules? b. Which of the p ...

86 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Melting Points The melting point (mp)is the temperature at which a solid is co ...

Oil from a 70,000-ton oil spill in 1996 off the coast of Wales. Section 2.9 Physical Properties of Alkanes, Alkyl Halides, Alco ...

88 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Table 2.8 Solubilities of Alkyl Halides in Water very soluble soluble slightly ...

Section 2.10 Conformations of Alkanes: Rotation About Carbon–Carbon Bonds 89 will use Newman projections because they are easy t ...

90 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds enough (2.9 kcal mol or 12 kJ mol) to allow the conformers to interconvert mil ...

Section 2.10 Conformations of Alkanes: Rotation About Carbon–Carbon Bonds 91 clouds of these atoms or groups. For example, there ...

92 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds PROBLEM 26 a. Draw all the staggered and eclipsed conformers that result from ...

Section 2.11 Cycloalkanes: Ring Strain 93 Baeyer predicted that cyclopentane would be the most stable of the cycloalkanes becaus ...

94 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds VON BAEYER AND BARBITURIC ACID Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (1835 ...

Connect the tops of the lines with a V; the left-hand side of the V should be slightly longer than the right-hand side. Connect ...

96 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Table 2.9 Heats of Formation and Total Strain Energies of Cycloalkanes “Strain ...

Section 2.12 Conformations of Cyclohexane 97 H H H H H H H H H H H H CH 2 CH 2 HH H H H H HH flagpole hydrogens ball-and-stick m ...

98 CHAPTER 2 An Introduction to Organic Compounds CH 3 ring flip CH 3 the methyl group is in an equatorial position the methyl g ...

Section 2.13 Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes 99 The gauche conformer of butane and the axial-substituted conformer ...