Wood Handbook, Wood as an Engineering Material

design stress (Fb or Ft) for the assigned Fb–E classification. In bending, the pieces are loaded on a random edge with the maxim ...

lumber dimensions to other moisture content by recogniz- ing an allowance of a tolerance below or above minimum standard dry siz ...

stress design, design stresses are based on an assumed 10-year loading period (called normal loading). If duration of loading, e ...

different duration. When loads of different time duration are applied, the load duration factor corresponding to the short- est ...

pile foundations under similar conditions or from the results of static-load tests. Working stresses for piles are governed by b ...

Design values for wood construction—a supplement to the national design specification for wood construction. National design spe ...

AREA. 1982. Timber structures. In: Manual for railway en- gineering. Washington, DC: American Railway Engineering Association. C ...

CHAPTER 8 Fastenings Douglas R. Rammer, Research General Engineer Contents Nails 8–1 Withdrawal Resistance 8–2 Lateral Resistanc ...

General Technical Report FPL–GTR– 190 Nails in use resist withdrawal loads, lateral loads, or a com- bination of the two. Both w ...

Chapter 8 Fastenings typical load–displacement curve for nail withdrawal (Fig. 8–2) shows that maximum load occurs at relatively ...

General Technical Report FPL–GTR– 190 the quality and type of coating, the effectiveness of the bond between the coating and bas ...

Chapter 8 Fastenings and diameter of the heads of the common wire nails increase as the size of the nail increases. The developm ...

Nails clinched across the grain have approximately 20% more resistance to withdrawal than nails clinched along the grain. Fasten ...

observed in nail and spike connections. The yield model theory is applicable to all types of dowel fasteners (nails, screws, bol ...

Grain Direction Effects The lateral load for side-grain nailing applies whether the load is in a direction parallel to the grain ...

where the parameters A and B are empirically fitted, and a second model, which includes a load reducing behavior, (8–8b) where t ...

staple must therefore be about two-thirds the diameter of a nail to provide a comparable load. Equation (8–2) has been used to p ...

(inch–pound) (8–10b) where p is maximum withdrawal load (N, lb), G specific gravity based on ovendry weight and volume at 12% mo ...

member and the main member are approximately of the same density. The thickness of the side member should be about one-half the ...

denser species (specific gravity greater than 0.61) and 10 to 12 times the shank diameter in the less dense species (spe- cific ...