Wood Handbook, Wood as an Engineering Material

tion under conditions that ensure the center of the wood will be held at 56 °C (133 °F) for 30 min will effectively kill insects ...

Termites Termites superficially resemble ants in size, general appear- ance, and habit of living in colonies. About 56 species a ...

Key West, and to the islands of Hawaii. They also are a lo- calized problem in Arizona and New Mexico. The nonsubterranean termi ...

attack. The close-grained heartwood of California redwood has some resistance, especially when used above ground. Very resinous ...

levels, piles heavily attacked by Limnoria characteristically wear within this zone to an hourglass shape (Fig. 14–11). In heavi ...

thorough, the penetration as deep as possible, and the re- tention high to give satisfactory results in heavily infested waters. ...

Morrell, J.J.; Corden, M.E. 1982. Controlling wood dete- rioration with fumigants: a review. Forest Products Journal. 36(10): 26 ...

CHAPTER 15 Wood Preservation Stan T. Lebow, Research Forest Products Technologist Contents Wood Preservatives 15–1 Waterborne Pr ...

a company must obtain registration from EPA. Before registering a new pesticide or new use for a registered preservative, EPA mu ...

Chapter 15 Wood Preservation Before a wood preservative can be approved for pressure treatment of structural members, it must be ...

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA) Wood treated with CCA (commonly called green treated) dominated the treated-wood market from the ...

Although several formulations of CCA have been used in the past, CCA Type C has been the primary formulation and is currently th ...

to provide protection against copper-tolerant fungi. The ratio of alkaline copper to DCOI in the formulation ranges from 20:1 to ...

Chapter 15 Wood Preservation Table 15–5. Results of Forest Products Laboratory studies on 38- by 89- by 457-mm (nominal 2- by 4- ...

In addition to pressure treatments, borates are commonly sprayed, brushed, or injected to treat wood in existing structures. The ...

alkaline copper formulations (light green–brown). It has some odor initially after treatment, but this odor dissipates as the wo ...

Oil-Borne or Oil-Type Preservatives Oil-type wood preservatives are some of the oldest preser- vatives, and their use continues ...

than 95% chlorinated phenols, as determined by titration of hydroxyl and calculated as pentachlorophenol. AWPA standard P9 defin ...

carried in a light solvent such as mineral spirits, making it compatible with composite wood products that might be negatively a ...

preservatives may also be used at lower retentions to protect wood exposed in lower deterioration hazards, such as above the gro ...