Spanish: An Essential Grammar

(avery) #1
según afirman algunos científicos
according to what some scientists state
Before other verbs it is used to imply mientrasor a medida que ‘as’ or
‘whilst’:
Apunta las notas según las voy diciendo.
Write the marks down as I read them out.
Note: See 8.1.2.2 for the use of pronouns after según.

Sin


Sinusually means ‘without’ before nouns and verbs:

Prefiero las hamburguesas sin mayonesa.
I prefer burgers without mayonnaise.
Se fueron sin dejarnos las llaves.
They left without leaving us the keys.

For sin + infinitive with the meaning of ‘un-’ or ‘not’, see 17.2.5.1.

Combinations of prepositions


Frequently prepositions can occur in combinations formed using de, desde
and por:

El agua salía de entre las tablas.
The water came out from between the boards.
Desde detrás de la pared se oía música.
From behind the wall music could be heard.
Por is commonly used to add an idea of movement especially to a
compound preposition:

El niño se escondió por debajo de la cama.
The boy hid under the bed.
La autopista pasa casi por encima de su casa.
The motorway/freeway passes almost over their house.

21.16


21.15


1111


2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


1011


1


12111


3 4 5 6 7 8 9


20111


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


30111


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


40


41111


Combinations
of
prepositions

231

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