Spanish: An Essential Grammar

(avery) #1
Determining gender from noun endings

Nouns ending in-oand -a

Those ending in -oare usually masculine, while those ending in -aare
usually feminine, but there are exceptions:

(a) Many words ending in -ista, see 2.2.1.5 above.
(b)La mano‘hand’, and abbreviated forms such as la foto‘photograph’
(for fotografía), la moto‘motorcycle’ (for motocicleta), and la [SP]
radio(originally radiodifusión).
(c)El día‘day’, el mapa‘map’, el planeta‘planet’, el tranvía‘tram’.
(d) Nouns ending in -abut referring to men: el cura‘priest’, el poeta
‘poet’.
(e) A large number of words ending in -ma(but not all) are masculine.
The most common are shown in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1Masculine nouns ending in -ma

el aroma aroma el holograma hologram
el clima climate el idioma language
el crucigrama crossword el lema slogan
el diagrama diagram el panorama panorama
el dilema dilemma el pijama[SP] pyjamas
el diploma diploma el poema poem
el dogma dogma el problema problem
el drama drama el programa program(me)
el emblema emblem el síntoma symptom
el enigma enigma el sistema system
el esquema scheme el telegrama telegram
el estigma stigma el tema theme/topic
el fantasma ghost el trauma trauma

2.2.2.1

(^1111) 2.2.2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


1011


1


12111


3 4 5 6 7 8 9


20111


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


30111


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9


40


41111


Gender

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