Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution
and the grammar in a language user's f-mind, using every sort of empirical evidence available, from speakers' grammaticality jud ...
3.2.1 Formation rules and typed variables Formation rulesspecify how lexical items are to be combined into larger units, and how ...
This can be read as“An NP has as parts a Det, an AP, and an N, in that order.”Alternatively, it can be read“bottom- up”:“A Det f ...
“anyword.”For example,(4)has four variables: NP, Det,AP, and N: itsays“AnyDetfollowedbyanyAP followedby any N can constitute an ...
instance, how many lexicalcategories are there and what are they, and how many phrasal categories are thereand what are they? Th ...
To su mup, wefind two basic kinds of formation rule: rules ofconstituencyand rules offeature composition. Both contain typed var ...
(8). (The subscripts on the NPs in (8) are notational conveniences so we can tell the mapart.)^20 Theapplicationofa derivational ...
“more superficial,”rather than simply“underlying” and“superficial,”is that derivational rules can chain up, one applying to the ...
the movement metaphor is pervasive, in that it is customary to speak of one rule applying“after”another, as can be seen in the d ...
anyconstituent;theellipses are typed variablesthatstand for anyrando mstring ofconstituents, including a nullstring.) Constrain ...
rule, plays an especially important role in what is to come here. Two simple cases are the principles stated informally as (17a, ...
In OT, a large number of different candidate Outputs can be associated with the same Input; typically each of them violates one ...
at least part of speech, grammatical number and gender, and so forth. In addition, section 3.2.3 observed that a lexical ite mca ...
3.3.2 Lexical redundancy rules How should the grammar account for the systematic relations among pairs of words such asconstruct ...
3.3.3 Inheritance hierarchies Howshould thegrammar account for thefactthatmany verbs expressingtransfer (orintended transfer)app ...
preference, as they might appear at afirst approximation. Rather, at the second and third approximations, different rule types l ...
ofspeakers, with noimplications for howthisbehaviorisactuallyimplemented. For instance, justas theplanets do not solveinternaliz ...
The lexical rules characterize possible lexical items of the language, and the phrasal rules characterize their combinatorial po ...
3.5 Four challenges for cognitive neuroscience^27 Just as linguistic structures like Fig. 1.1 are functional characterizations t ...
During this time, all the connections within and among the structures are available: phonologically, one retains the orderofword ...
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