New Zealand, welfare reforms 150
Nicaragua 189
Nigeria, left–right self-placement 42
Nixon, Richard, US President 139
Non-Aligned Movement (1961)123,
133
non-governmental organizations
(NGOs)
and democratization of global
governance 174
international 172
and rise of civil society80, 172
norms (appropriateness) 231
Norris, Pippa40, 54, 181
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
(NATO) 123
North Korea 137
North–South divisions 128 35
asymmetrical relationship in132 , 194
and Cancu ́n Summit (1981) 153
conservative view of 128 31
and environmentalism 214
left view of 131 5
marginalization of debate 152 8
and move to market capitalism 138
new agenda 158 64
see alsodeveloping countries
Norway
development aid74, 162
move to right 187
nuclear weapons
deterrence 123
and disarmament 127
Nutella 24
Nyerere, Julius, Tanzanian President
106
oil crisis (1973)133, 144
Olson, Mancur 142
Organization of Petroleum Exporting
Countries (OPEC)133, 144
Ortega, Daniel, Nicaraguan President
189
Orwell, George 58
Ougaard, Morten 31
Owen, Robert 98
pacifism
and socialism 95
in world view 93
Paehlke, Robert 210
Pakistan, left–right self-placement
39, 42
Paul VI, Pope 131
Pauly, Louis 183
peace
as absence of war 92
development as 131
see alsowar
peace movements 172
international 93
pensions, public 150
Phelps, Edmund S. 141
Philippines48, 123
left–right self-placement 40
Phillips, Alban 141
Pierson, Paul 149
Pinochet, Augusto, Chilean President
11, 123
planet, definition of 6
planning, economic
application of 112 14
state role in110, 111 12
Pluto, debate over status as planet 6
Poland, economy 63
Polanyi, Michael 27
“political correctness”, and identity
politics 204
political philosophy 222
political science
inductive approach 219 22
international relations theory 222 9
left and right in 221
methodological debates 219
objectives of 215 16
rational choice theory219, 21920,
220 2, 226 7
and sociology 217 19
politics
global nature of 3
social factors in 231
study of199, 215 29
politics of identity 199 205, 229
Poor Law Amendment Act (1834) 97
Portugal48, 207
postmodernism 223
poverty
contending approaches to 1 2
extreme hardship 76
global reduction in 61 , 602, 61246 Index