Sweden 207
development aid74, 162
income inequality 71
trade unions 116
welfare spending 118
Switzerland, women’s suffrage 89
Taiwan62, 190
left–right self-placement 40
Tanzania, left–right self-placement
39, 42
taxation
redistributive 180
and welfare spending 151
Taylor, Charles 8
Taylor, Frederick W., scientific
management 111
technology
and climate change debate 212
innovation in developing countries
59
see alsocommunications technology
terrorism
causes of 208
as global threat68, 206
international 78
“war” on164, 205 10
Thatcher, Margaret, British Prime
Minister19, 23, 138
monetarist policies 145
and welfare state 149
world view 152
Third International (1919) 100
Third Way3, 9, 1679, 17581, 195
redundancy of 188
view of equality 178 80
Thorez, Maurice 25
Tocqueville, Alexis de 87
Toye, John 158
trade
and development59, 134
and economic growth 72 3
generalized system of preferences
135
growth in international 58
and inclination to peace 93
liberalization 62 3, 159 61
in modernization theory 130
protectionism 110
tariffs and subsidies 72 3
trade unionism 116 17
origins of 98 9, 100
trade unions, and environmentalism
211
transnational corporations 73
transnational social movements
organizations (TSMOs) 172
tribal societies, left–right distinctions
13
Truman, Harry, US President 107
Tullock, Gordon 142
Turkey48, 105
left–right self-placement 39
Turner, Ted 185Udehn, Lars 218
Uganda, left–right self-placement 42
Ukraine 201
unemployment
1970s rise in 144
acceptance of higher levels of 171
and monetary theory 140
non-accelerating inflation rate of
(NAIRU) 141
structural 116
welfare benefits 151
United Kingdom
1997 election 166
Anti-Terrorism, Crime and Security
Act (2001) 209
economic planning 113
imperialism 101
industrial capitalism 95 7
left–right self-placement 41 , 38,
40, 42
move toward monetarism 145
suffrage qualifications 88
and war in Iraq 207
welfare state 119 20, 150
see alsoConservative Party; Labour
Party
United Nations67, 79, 191
and American funding 156
and colonies 105
consensus with Bretton Woods
institutions183, 186
continuing divergence from Bretton
Woods institutions 190 5
and development128, 156, 161,
185 6, 194 5Index 249