Lactobacillus,105, 163
Lactose, 125
Law of Chemical Periodicity, 27
Legionella, 155
Legionnaire’s disease, 155
Leukocytes, 15
Lichens, 174
Ligases, 90
Light compound microscopes, 57–59
Light reactions, 98
Linnaeus, Carl, 5, 140–141
Lipases, 97
Lipids, 41, 97–98
Lister, Joseph, 16, 18
Listeria monocytogenes, 163
Lyases, 90
Lymphocytes, specialized, 212
Lyophilization, 108
Lysis, 80
Lysogenic cycle, 188
Lytic cycle, 187M
MacLeod, Colin, 120
Macrolides, 241
Macromolecule, 40
Macrophages, 220
Mass, 24
Matter, 24
McCarty, Maclyn, 120
Mebendazole, 245
Medawar, Peter, 185
Mefloquine, 244
Memory response, 218
Mendeleev, Dimitri, 27, 43
Meselson, Mathew, 120
Messenger RNA (mRNA), 123–124
Metabolism, 39, 67–68, 111
ATP production, 89
carbohydrate metabolism, 92–94
Embden-Meyerhof pathway, 93
pyruvic acid, 94catabolic and anabolic reactions, 88
cycle, 87–88
definition of, 87
electron transport chain, 95–96
enzymes
coenzymes, 90
functions of, 90–91
inactive and active, 90
naming and classifying, 89–90
pH, 91
substrate concentration, 91–92
fermentation, 97
Krebs cycle, 94–96
lipid catabolism, 97–98
metabolism cycle, 87–88
oxidation-reduction, 88–89
photosynthesis, 98–100
dark phase reactions, 100
photosystems I and II, 99–100
protein catabolism, 98
Metchnikoff, Elie, 7, 15, 18, 214
Metric system, 8, 48–50
Metronidazole, 245
Microbial genetics
chromosomes, 122
controlling genes, 124–125
operon model, 125
DNA replication, 120–121
genetics, 120
genotype and phenotype, 124
introduction, 119
mutations, 125–127
rate of, 127
types of, 126
protein synthesis, 123–124
Microbial growth
antimicrobial agents, 113–114
chemical agents that control
glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde, 116
phenols and phenolics, 114–116
surfactants, 116
chemical requirements for(^278) INDEX
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