carbon, 104
oxygen, 104–105
controlling, 112–113
culture media, 105–109
anaerobic growth, 106
chemically defined media, 106
generation time, 109
growing bacterial cultures, 108–109
preserving bacterial cultures, 108
pure cultures, 107
selective and differential media, 107
introduction, 103–104
measuring, 110–112
microbial death rates, 113
phases of
death phase, 110
lag phase, 109
log phase, 109–110
stationary phase, 110
Microbiology, 1, 4
Micrographs, 59
Microorganisms
basic life processes in, 67–68
chemical elements of. SeeChemical elements
of microorganisms
classification of. SeeClassification of
microorganisms
definition of, 1
eukaryotic cells. SeeEukaryotic organisms
introduction. SeeIntroduction to
microorganisms
metabolism. SeeMetabolism
observing. SeeObserving microorganisms
prions, 193
prokaryotic cells. SeeProkaryotic organisms
viroids, 192–193
viruses. SeeViruses
Microscopes
contrast, 56–57
description, 54–55
electron microscopes, types of
introduction, 59scanning electron microscope, 58, 60
transmission electron microscope (TEM),
58–60
history of, 9–10, 54
introduction, 51
light compound microscopes, types of
bright-field microscope, 57–58
dark-field microscope, 58
differential interface contrast microscope
(Nomanski), 59
fluorescent microscope, 58–59
introduction, 58
phase-contrast microscope, 58
magnification, 51–56
preparing specimens
smears, 60
wet mounts, 60–61
resolution, 56
oil immersion, 57
staining specimens, 61–64
wavelength, 51–52
Miescher, Friedrich, 120
Mitchell, Peter, 96
Molarity, 36–37
Mole, 36
Monobactams, 239
Monod, Jacques, 125
Monoecious helminths, 179
Monomers, 39
Monosaccharides, 40
Moraxella lacunata, 155
Moseley, H.G.J., 27, 43
Movement, 67–68
Mullis, Kary, 133
Mutations, 125–127
rate of, 127
types of, 126
Mycelium, 168
Mycobacteria, 2, 164
Mycology, 5, 168
Mycoplasmas, 159–160
Myeloma cells, 218INDEX^279
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