Concepts of Programming Languages

40 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages error prone. Among its problems is the use of numeric codes for specif ...

Variables were named with byte-pair codes, as were locations to be used as constants. For example, X0 and Y0 could be variables. ...

42 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages 2.2.4 Related Work Other means of easing the task of programming were ...

Glennie’s Autocode was so low level and machine oriented that it should not be considered a compiled system. Backus gives the cr ...

44 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages could not be separately compiled, the If selection statement, and the ...

2.3.5 Fortrans IV, 77, 90, 95, 2003, and 2008 A Fortran III was developed, but it was never widely distributed. Fortran IV, howe ...

46 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages manufactured by IBM. Indeed, they were forced to consider building For ...

End Do ! Compute the average Average = Sum / List_Len ! Count the values that are greater than the average Do Counter = 1, List_ ...

48 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages list-processing instructions were included. Another factor that kept t ...

2.4.3 Language Overview 2.4.3.1 Data Structures Pure LISP has only two kinds of data structures: atoms and lists. Atoms are eith ...

50 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages 2.4.3.3 The Syntax of LISP LISP is very different from the imperative ...

The following is an example of a LISP program: ; LISP Example function ; The following code defines a LISP predicate function ; ...

52 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages Recognizing the flexibility provided by dynamic scoping as well as the ...

2.5.1 Historical Background ALGOL 60 was the result of efforts to design a universal programming language for scientific applica ...

54 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages The Zurich meeting succeeded in producing a language that met the stat ...

2.5.4 Reception of the ALGOL 58 Report In December 1958, publication of the ALGOL 58 report (Perlis and Samelson, 1958) was gree ...

56 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages a member of the Zurich group. It was Naur who created and published th ...

or indirect descendants; examples include PL/I, SIMULA 67, ALGOL 68, C, Pascal, Ada, C++, Java, and C#. The ALGOL 58/ALGOL 60 de ...

58 Chapter 2 Evolution of the Major Programming Languages integer listlen, counter, sum, average, result; sum := 0; result := 0; ...

2.6.1 Historical Background The beginning of COBOL is somewhat similar to that of ALGOL 60, in the sense that the language was d ...