Encyclopedia of Chemistry

narcissistic reaction 191
National Medal of Science 38
native state 191
natural gas 100, 191
natural product 191
natural radioactivity
191–192
The Nature of the Chemical
Bond(Pauling) 208
NCE. Seenew chemical
entity
NDA (new drug application)
192
neighboring-group
participation 192
neon 194
neptunium 174
Nernst, Walther 192
Nernst equation 192
nerve 4, 45, 73–74
nervous system 2, 69, 140,
168
mediator modulator in
174
work of Joseph
Erlanger 100
neuron 192
neuroscience 100
neurotransmitters 2, 140,
192
neutralization 192
neutrino 26
neutron 20, 26, 27, 192
fast 107
in fission 195
in isotopes 148
and mass number 173
new chemical entity 192
Newton (measure of work)
152
Newton, Isaac 106
New York Academy of
Sciences Award 26
NHOMO. Seesubjacent
orbital
Nichols Medal 71, 160
nickel 65, 86, 133
nickel-cadmium cell (nicad
battery) 193
nif 193
NIH shift 193, 193
nitrate reductase 193
nitrene 29, 193
nitrenium ion 193
nitric acid 2
nitrite reductase 193
nitroalkane 137
nitrobenzene 121
nitrogen 23, 72
nitrogenase 187, 193
nitrogen cycle 193

nitrogen fixation 193

nitroglycerin 186

Nitti, Filomena 33

NMR. Seenuclear magnetic

resonance spectroscopy

Nobel Prize 69

in chemistry 18, 26,

35, 37, 65, 71, 109,

121, 122, 126, 129,

151, 163, 164, 174,

188, 208

in physics 152

in physiology or

medicine 6, 24, 33,

44, 61, 83–84, 88,

89, 100, 129, 154,

156, 159, 167, 168,

178, 188

noble gases 194

no-bond resonance. See

hyperconjugation

nomenclature. Seebinomial

(name)

nonbonding orbital 194

nonclassical carbocation 194

nonclassical isotere 194

noncyclic electron flow 194

noncyclic

photophosphorylation 66,

194

nonelectrolyte 194

nonpolar covalent bond 194

Noorden, Carl von 168

norepinephrine 192

normal kinetic isotope effect.

Seeisotope effect

normal mode (of vibration)

194

n-σdelocalization 194

N-terminal amino acid

residue. Seeamino acid

residue

n-to-pi-star transition (n→π*)

194

n-type semiconductor 194

nuclear binding energy 27,

194

nuclear charge 88

nuclear decay 70, 91, 195

nuclear fission 63, 195

nuclear fusion 113, 113

nuclearity 195

nuclear magnetic resonance

spectroscopy 48, 72, 82,

93–94, 195

nuclear power 59

nuclear radiation 195

nuclear reaction 19, 33, 63,

195

nuclear reactor 165, 195,

195, 196

nuclear spin-spin 62, 171

nuclear waste 229

nucleation 195

nucleic acids 195

nucleobase. Seenucleoside

nucleofuge 111–112, 196

nucleon(s) 168, 196

nucleophile 196

nucleophilic catalysis 35, 197

nucleophilicity 197

nucleoside 197

nucleotides 24, 197

nucleus 197

nuclide 70, 188, 197

nuclide symbol 197

nutrition 70, 88

nylon 197

O

obligate aerobe 199

obligate anaerobe 199

oceanic zone 199

oceans 2, 16, 25, 168, 212

ocean thermal vents 199

octahedral 199

octahedral hole 199

octahedron. Seecoordination

octane number 199

octet rule 88, 199

ODMR. Seeoptically

detected magnetic

resonance

OEC. Seeoxygen-evolving

complex

oil 200, 249

crude 100, 200

oil shale 200

Okazaki fragments 80

olefins 8, 200

olfaction 200

oligonucleotide 16, 200

oligopeptide 200

oligosaccharide 119

oligotrophic lake 200

onium ion 200

open sextet 200

open system 200

operon 200

opposing reaction. See

composite reaction

optical activity 200

optical isomers 201, 201

optically detected magnetic

resonance (ODMR) 201

optical yield 201

optics 74

orbital(s) 30, 32, 39, 64, 84,

87, 182,182. See also

specific types

frontier 112, 146, 185

in homoaromatic

molecules 130

and Hückel rule

131–132

Hund’s rule of 132

and internal conversion

141

linear combination of

atomic 162

lowest unoccupied

molecular 169

ml value of 172

Möbius aromaticity of

180

and multicenter bonds

188

nonbonding 194

and n-to-pi-star

transitions 194

orbital steering 201

orbital symmetry 201–202

order of reaction 202

ore 202

organic chemistry 202–203

organism 203

organochlorine compounds

203

organophosphorous

compound 203

orphan drug 203

osmoconformer 203

osmol 203

osmolarity 203

osmoregulation 203

osmoregulator 203

osmosis 203, 203

osmotic pressure 203

Ostwald, Wilhelm 18

Ostwald process 203, 204

outer orbital complex 203

outer-sphere electron transfer

204

overlap 204

overpotential 204

ovotransferrin 204

oxidase 204

oxidation 3, 89–90, 204

oxidation number 204–205

oxidation-reduction reaction

91, 205

oxidation state 205

oxidative additions 9, 205

oxidative coupling 205

oxidative phosphorylation

205

oxide 205

oxidizing agent 205–206

oxidoreductase 72, 206

oxygen 6, 13, 25, 206

oxygen debt 129

Index 337